Test 9 · ★ · Evolution simply: why living things change over many gener…
A chihuahua and a Great Dane sniff each other at the park. What is true?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: chihuahua · What happens: sniff, be · To what, where: each, park
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A chihuahua and a Great Dane sniff each other at the park.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 chihuahua | det |
| 2 | chihuahua | chihuahua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sniff | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Dane | cc |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 Dane | det |
| 5 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Dane | amod |
| 6 | Dane | Dane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 chihuahua | conj |
| 7 | sniff | sniff | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 7 sniff | obj |
| 9 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 each | fixed |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 park | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 park | det |
| 12 | park | park | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sniff | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 sniff | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sniff | present | a chihuahua and a Great Dane | each | the park | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is true?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
The chihuahua came from a fox
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chihuahua | det |
| 2 | chihuahua | chihuahua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 fox | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 fox | det |
| 6 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the chihuahua | from a fox | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from fox=Initial_Location |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
They are the same species, both descended from wolves
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 species | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 species | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 species | det |
| 4 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 species | amod |
| 5 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 descended | punct |
| 7 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 descended | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | descended | descend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 species | acl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 wolves | case |
| 10 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 descended | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | They | the same species | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | descend | participle · passive | the same species not said here | both | wolves | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 3
They are different species that just look alike
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 species | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 species | cop |
| 3 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 species | amod |
| 4 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 look | nsubj |
| 6 | just | just | ADV | _ | 7 look | advmod |
| 7 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 species | acl:relcl |
| 8 | alike | alike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 look | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | They | different species | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | look | present | different species | alike property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
Option 4
The Great Dane came from a horse
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Dane | det |
| 2 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Dane | amod |
| 3 | Dane | Dane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 horse | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 horse | det |
| 7 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the Great Dane | from a horse | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from horse=Initial_Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t9/