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Test 2 · Fossils: how we know about life long ago

In a cartoon, cavemen ride a dinosaur to work. What do fossils tell us?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: cavemen, fossils · What happens: ride, work, tell · To what, where: dinosaur, cartoon, us · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 74 «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, cavemen ride a dinosaur to work.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ride	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	cavemen	caveman	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ride	nsubj
6	ride	ride	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 dinosaur	det
8	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ride	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 work	mark
10	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 dinosaur	acl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 ride	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ride	present	cavemen	a dinosaur		a cartoon			vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Theme
2	work	to-infinitive	cavemen not said here	a dinosaur not said here					vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do fossils tell us?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	fossils		us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1

Dinosaurs died out only a few thousand years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 died	nsubj
2	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 died	compound:prt
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 thousand	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 thousand	det
6	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 thousand	amod
7	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 died	obl:unmarked
9	ago	ago	ADV	_	8 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die out	past	Dinosaurs				year		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 2

Cavemen hunted dinosaurs with spears

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cavemen	caveman	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunted	nsubj
2	hunted	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunted	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 spears	case
5	spears	spear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	past	Cavemen	dinosaurs				with spears	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Tens of millions of years separate the last dinosaurs and the first humans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tens	ten	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 separate	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 millions	case
3	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Tens	nmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 years	case
5	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 millions	nmod
6	separate	separate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dinosaurs	det
8	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 dinosaurs	amod
9	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 separate	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 humans	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 humans	det
12	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 humans	amod
13	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dinosaurs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	separate	present	Tens of millions of years	the last dinosaurs and the first humans					vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Patient

Option 4

People and dinosaurs lived together for a short time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lived	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 dinosaurs	cc
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 People	conj
4	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	together	together	ADV	_	4 lived	advmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	9 time	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 time	det
8	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 time	amod
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live together	past	People and dinosaurs				time	together property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/t2/