Exam question 1 · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs
Identify the evidence adduced by Luis and Walter Alvarez in the year 1980 in support of an asteroid impact.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, adduce, support · To what, where: evidence, asteroid impact
This is exam question 1 of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 evidence | det |
| 3 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 4 | adduced | adduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 evidence | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 Luis | case |
| 6 | Luis | Luis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 adduced | obl:agent |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Alvarez | cc |
| 8 | Walter | Walter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Alvarez | compound |
| 9 | Alvarez | Alvarez | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Luis | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 year | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 year | det |
| 12 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 adduced | obl |
| 13 | 1980 | 1980 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 year | flat |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 support | case |
| 15 | support | support | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 year | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 impact | case |
| 17 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 impact | det |
| 18 | asteroid | asteroid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 impact | compound |
| 19 | impact | impact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 support | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the evidence | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme | ||||
| 2 | adduce | participle | the evidence not said here | year | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | support | a asteroid impact | nom support «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Trackways of dinosaurs leading away from Mexico
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trackways | trackway | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 dinosaurs | case |
| 3 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Trackways | nmod |
| 4 | leading | lead | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 dinosaurs | acl |
| 5 | away | away | ADV | _ | 4 leading | advmod |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 Mexico | case |
| 7 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 leading | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead away | gerund | dinosaurs not said here | Mexico | away property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent from mexico=Destination |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
A worldwide stratum of clay enriched in iridium, an element abundant in asteroids
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 stratum | det |
| 2 | worldwide | worldwide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stratum | amod |
| 3 | stratum | stratum | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 clay | case |
| 5 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stratum | nmod |
| 6 | enriched | enrich | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 clay | acl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 iridium | case |
| 8 | iridium | iridium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 enriched | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 element | punct |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 element | det |
| 11 | element | element | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stratum | conj |
| 12 | abundant | abundant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 element | amod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 asteroids | case |
| 14 | asteroids | asteroid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 abundant | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enrich | participle | clay not said here | iridium | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
A fragment of the asteroid embedded within a dinosaur skull
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 fragment | det |
| 2 | fragment | fragment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 embedded | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 asteroid | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 asteroid | det |
| 5 | asteroid | asteroid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fragment | nmod |
| 6 | embedded | embed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | within | within | ADP | _ | 10 skull | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 skull | det |
| 9 | dinosaur | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 skull | compound |
| 10 | skull | skull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 embedded | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | embed | past | a fragment of the asteroid | within a dinosaur skull | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
A layer of ice of worldwide extent containing great quantities of meteoric dust
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 layer | det |
| 2 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 ice | case |
| 4 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 layer | nmod |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 extent | case |
| 6 | worldwide | worldwide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 extent | amod |
| 7 | extent | extent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ice | nmod |
| 8 | containing | contain | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 extent | acl |
| 9 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 quantities | amod |
| 10 | quantities | quantity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 containing | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 dust | case |
| 12 | meteoric | meteoric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 dust | amod |
| 13 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 quantities | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | contain | gerund | worldwide extent not said here | great quantities of meteoric dust | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quantity=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/e1/