Test 1 · ★★ · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs

«dinos are extinct, so birds can't be dinosaurs, duh» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: dinos, birds · What happens: be, not be · To what, where: dinosaurs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 extinct	punct
2	dinos	dino	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 extinct	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 extinct	cop
4	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 dinosaurs	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	11 dinosaurs	advmod
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 dinosaurs	nsubj
8	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 dinosaurs	aux
9	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 dinosaurs	advmod
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 dinosaurs	cop
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 extinct	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 duh	punct
13	duh	duh	INTJ	_	4 extinct	discourse
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 extinct	punct
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	17 right	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 right	cop
17	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 extinct	parataxis
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 extinct	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	dinos		extinct property	tree rules
2	not is a in a quote	can	birds	dinosaurs		tree rules
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Birds came from bats after the dinosaurs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 bats	case
4	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	obl
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 dinosaurs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dinosaurs	det
7	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Birds			bats	after the dinosaurs		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from bat=Initial_Location

Option 2

Birds have always existed and never changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 existed	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 existed	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 existed	advmod
4	existed	exist	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 changed	cc
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 changed	advmod
7	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 existed	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present · perfect	Birds					always property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not change	participle	Birds not said here						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Birds came from pterosaurs, not from dinosaurs, so they are flying reptiles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 pterosaurs	case
4	pterosaurs	pterosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 dinosaurs	punct
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 dinosaurs	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 dinosaurs	case
8	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pterosaurs	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 flying	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 flying	advmod
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 flying	nsubj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 flying	aux
13	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 reptiles	amod
14	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Birds	flying reptiles		pterosaurs and dinosaurs			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location reptile=Theme
2	fly	present · progressive	Birds = bird						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Birds evolved from feathered theropods, so they are surviving dinosaurs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 evolved	nsubj
2	evolved	evolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 theropods	case
4	feathered	feathered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 theropods	amod
5	theropods	theropod	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 evolved	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 surviving	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 surviving	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 surviving	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 surviving	aux
10	surviving	survive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 evolved	advcl
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 surviving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	evolve	past	Birds					from feathered theropods	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from theropod=Patient
2	survive	present · progressive	Birds = bird	dinosaurs					vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dinosaur=Circumstance

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/t1/