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Test 3 · ★★ · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs

«why'd the T. rex die if it ate meat, not plants?» What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: die, best answer · What happens: eat, be · To what, where: meat

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «why'd the T. rex die if it ate meat, not plants?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 why	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
3	'd	'd	PUNCT	_	7 die	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 die	det
5	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 rex	compound
6	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 die	compound
7	die	die	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 why	appos
8	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 ate	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 ate	nsubj
10	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 die	acl:relcl
11	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ate	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 plants	punct
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 plants	advmod
14	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 meat	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 die	punct
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 die	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat in a quote	past	die	meat and plants					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the best answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 answer	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 answer	amod
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best answer						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Plants died without sunlight, then plant-eaters, then meat-eaters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 died	nsubj
2	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	without	without	ADP	_	4 sunlight	case
4	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 died	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 eaters	punct
6	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 eaters	advmod
7	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 eaters	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 plant	punct
9	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 died	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 eaters	punct
11	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	14 eaters	advmod
12	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 eaters	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 meat	punct
14	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 died	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die	past	Plants	plant eaters				without sunlight; meat eaters obl	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 2

The asteroid hit every T. rex directly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 asteroid	det
2	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hit	nsubj
3	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 rex	det
5	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 rex	compound
6	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hit	obj
7	directly	directly	ADV	_	3 hit	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	past	the asteroid	every T. rex				directly property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rex=Co-Theme

Option 3

Meat-eaters were allergic to dust

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eaters	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Meat	punct
3	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 allergic	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 allergic	cop
5	allergic	allergic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 dust	mark
7	dust	dust	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 allergic	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Meat eaters					allergic property	tree rules
2	dust	to-infinitive	Meat eaters not said here						vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

T. rex secretly ate plants too, so it starved when the plants were gone

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 rex	compound
2	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ate	nsubj
3	secretly	secretly	ADV	_	4 ate	advmod
4	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ate	obj
6	too	too	ADV	_	4 ate	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 starved	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 starved	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 starved	nsubj
10	starved	starve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ate	conj
11	when	when	SCONJ	_	15 gone	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 plants	det
13	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 gone	nsubj
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 gone	aux:pass
15	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 starved	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	T. rex	plants				secretly property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient
2	starve	past	rex						tree rules
3	go	past · passive		the plants					vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/t3/