Exam question 1 · The big cats house: lions and tigers up close

Identify the principal reason for which the lion rests for the greater part of each day.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, lion · What happens: identify, rest · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 1 of lesson 81 «The big cats house: lions and tigers up close» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 rests	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lion	det
8	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rests	nsubj
9	rests	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
10	for	for	ADP	_	13 part	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 part	det
12	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 part	amod
13	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rests	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 day	case
15	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	16 day	det
16	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 part	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	rest	present	the lion					for the principal reason; for the greater part of each day	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is afflicted by grave illness whenever it is kept in captivity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 afflicted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 afflicted	aux:pass
3	afflicted	afflict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 illness	case
5	grave	grave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 illness	amod
6	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afflicted	obl
7	whenever	whenever	SCONJ	_	10 kept	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 kept	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 kept	aux:pass
10	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 afflicted	advcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 captivity	case
12	captivity	captivity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afflict	present · passive	grave illness	It					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
2	keep	present · passive		illness		captivity			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in captivity=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is nocturnal and incapable of any activity during the hours of daylight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 nocturnal	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 nocturnal	cop
3	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 incapable	cc
5	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 nocturnal	conj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 activity	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 activity	det
8	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 incapable	obl
9	during	during	ADP	_	11 hours	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hours	det
11	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 nocturnal	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 daylight	case
13	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				hour	nocturnal property	tree rules
2	be							of any activity	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It hunts in brief, strenuous bursts and must conserve energy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hunts	nsubj
2	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 brief	case
4	brief	brief	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hunts	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bursts	punct
6	strenuous	strenuous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bursts	amod
7	bursts	burst	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 brief	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 conserve	cc
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 conserve	aux
10	conserve	conserve	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 hunts	conj
11	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 conserve	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	It			brief and strenuous bursts			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in brief=Location
2	conserve	must		energy					tree rules

Option 4

It lacks entirely the muscles required for sustained movement

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lacks	nsubj
2	lacks	lack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 lacks	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 muscles	det
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lacks	obj
6	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 muscles	acl
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 movement	case
8	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 movement	amod
9	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 required	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lack	present	It	the muscles	entirely property	tree rules
2	require	participle		the muscles not said here	for sustained movement	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme
3	sustain	participle				vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers/e1/