Exam question 1 · The big cats house: snow leopards, jaguars, small cats and…

Identify the principal function of the broad, fur-covered paws of the snow leopard.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, cover · To what, where: principal function, fur

This is exam question 1 of lesson 82 «The big cats house: snow leopards, jaguars, small cats and enrichment» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 function	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 function	amod
4	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	12 paws	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 paws	det
7	broad	broad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 paws	amod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 broad	punct
9	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 covered	nsubj:pass
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 fur	punct
11	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 paws	amod
12	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 function	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 leopard	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 leopard	det
15	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 leopard	compound
16	leopard	leopard	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 paws	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal function of the broad covered paws of the snow leopard					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme
2	cover	participle · passive		fur					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

To enable it to descend trees head first in pursuit of prey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 enable	mark
2	enable	enable	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enable	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 descend	mark
5	descend	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 enable	xcomp
6	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 head	compound
7	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 descend	obj
8	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 descend	advmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 pursuit	case
10	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 descend	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 prey	case
12	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pursuit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	enable	to-infinitive	it			tree rules
2	descend	to-infinitive	trees head	pursuit of prey	first property	vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme
3	pursue		prey			nom pursuit «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To distribute its weight upon the snow as snowshoes do

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 distribute	mark
2	distribute	distribute	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 weight	nmod:poss
4	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 distribute	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 snow	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 snow	det
7	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 distribute	obl
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 do	mark
9	snowshoes	snowshoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 do	nsubj
10	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 distribute	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	distribute	to-infinitive		its weight				upon the snow	vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent weight=Theme
2	do	present	snowshoes						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

To amplify the sound of its roar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 amplify	mark
2	amplify	amplify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sound	det
4	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 amplify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 roar	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 roar	nmod:poss
7	roar	roar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sound	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	amplify	to-infinitive		the sound of sound's roar					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sound=Patient
2	roar		sound						nom roar «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

To permit rapid swimming in mountain rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 permit	mark
2	permit	permit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 swimming	amod
4	swimming	swimming	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 permit	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 rivers	case
6	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rivers	compound
7	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 permit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	to-infinitive		rapid swimming		mountain rivers			vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent swimming=Theme in river=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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