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Test 10 · ★★★ · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…

A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper. What is closest to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon gorilla · What happens: say, be · To what, where: whole sentences, keeper · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 gorilla	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gorilla	compound
3	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sentences	amod
6	sentences	sentence	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 says	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 keeper	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 keeper	nmod:poss
9	keeper	keeper	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sentences	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a cartoon gorilla	whole sentences	gorilla's keeper				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sentence=Topic to keeper=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is closest to the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closest	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closest	cop
3	closest	close	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 truth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closest	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closest	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the truth; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Some apes learned many signs, but scientists argue if it is language

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 apes	det
2	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learned	nsubj
3	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 signs	amod
5	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learned	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 argue	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 argue	cc
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 argue	nsubj
9	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 learned	conj
10	if	if	SCONJ	_	13 language	mark
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 language	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 language	cop
13	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 argue	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past	some apes	many signs					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Topic
2	argue speech: disagree	present	scientists						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a a condition, not said to happen	present	it	language					tree rules

Option 2

Gorillas really do speak words, but quietly and only to their own keepers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	4 speak	advmod
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	aux
4	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 quietly	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 quietly	cc
8	quietly	quietly	ADV	_	4 speak	advmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 keepers	cc
10	only	only	ADV	_	14 keepers	advmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	14 keepers	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 keepers	nmod:poss
13	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 keepers	amod
14	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 quietly	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present · do-support	Gorillas	words				quietly property	tree rules

Option 3

All apes can talk but choose not to

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 apes	det
2	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 talk	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 talk	aux
4	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 choose	cc
6	choose	choose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 talk	conj
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 choose	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	7 not	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	can	all apes						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not choose	infinitive	all apes not said here						vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Apes understand no signs at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 understand	nsubj
2	understand	understand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 signs	det
4	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 understand	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 understand	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	understand	present	Apes	no signs		all			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer sign=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/t10/