Test 10 · ★★★ · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…
A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper. What is closest to the truth?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon gorilla · What happens: say, be · To what, where: whole sentences, keeper · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 gorilla | det |
| 2 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gorilla | compound |
| 3 | gorilla | gorilla | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 sentences | amod |
| 6 | sentences | sentence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 says | obj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 keeper | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 keeper | nmod:poss |
| 9 | keeper | keeper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sentences | nmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | a cartoon gorilla | whole sentences | gorilla's keeper | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sentence=Topic to keeper=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is closest to the truth?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 closest | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 closest | cop |
| 3 | closest | close | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 truth | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 truth | det |
| 6 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 closest | obl |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 closest | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | to the truth; close property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Some apes learned many signs, but scientists argue if it is language
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 apes | det |
| 2 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 learned | nsubj |
| 3 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 signs | amod |
| 5 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 learned | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 argue | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 argue | cc |
| 8 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 argue | nsubj |
| 9 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 learned | conj |
| 10 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 13 language | mark |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 language | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 language | cop |
| 13 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 argue | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | past | some apes | many signs | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Topic | ||||
| 2 | argue speech: disagree | present | scientists | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a a condition, not said to happen | present | it | language | tree rules |
Option 2
Gorillas really do speak words, but quietly and only to their own keepers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gorillas | gorilla | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 speak | nsubj |
| 2 | really | really | ADV | _ | 4 speak | advmod |
| 3 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 speak | aux |
| 4 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 speak | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 quietly | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 quietly | cc |
| 8 | quietly | quietly | ADV | _ | 4 speak | advmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 keepers | cc |
| 10 | only | only | ADV | _ | 14 keepers | advmod |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 keepers | case |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 keepers | nmod:poss |
| 13 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 keepers | amod |
| 14 | keepers | keeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 quietly | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | present · do-support | Gorillas | words | quietly property | tree rules |
Option 3
All apes can talk but choose not to
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 apes | det |
| 2 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 talk | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 talk | aux |
| 4 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 choose | cc |
| 6 | choose | choose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 talk | conj |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 choose | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 not | fixed |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | talk | can | all apes | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | not choose | infinitive | all apes not said here | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
Apes understand no signs at all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 understand | nsubj |
| 2 | understand | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 signs | det |
| 4 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 understand | obj |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 all | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 understand | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | understand | present | Apes | no signs | all | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer sign=Stimulus |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/t10/