Exam question 2 · The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, tail · To what, where: social organisation

This is exam question 2 of lesson 86 «The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 organisation	det
10	social	social	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 organisation	amod
11	organisation	organisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	17 lemur	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 lemur	det
14	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 tailed	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 ring	punct
16	tailed	tail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 lemur	amod
17	lemur	lemur	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 organisation	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the social organisation of the tailed lemur	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	tail	participle			vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Each lemur lives in solitude

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 lemur	det
2	lemur	lemur	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lives	nsubj
3	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 solitude	case
5	solitude	solitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	each lemur			solitude			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in solitude=Location

Option 2

Groups are governed by a single hereditary male ruler and his sons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 governed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 governed	aux:pass
3	governed	govern	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	9 ruler	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 ruler	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 ruler	amod
7	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 ruler	amod
8	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ruler	compound
9	ruler	ruler	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 governed	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 sons	cc
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 sons	nmod:poss
12	sons	son	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ruler	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	govern	present · passive		Groups				by a single hereditary male ruler and his sons	vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

Option 3

Groups are led by the youngest male

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 led	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 led	aux:pass
3	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 male	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 male	det
6	youngest	young	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 male	amod
7	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 led	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	present · passive	the youngest male	Groups					vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Groups are led by females, who feed first and win most disputes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 led	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 led	aux:pass
3	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 females	case
5	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 led	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 feed	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 feed	nsubj
8	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 females	acl:relcl
9	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 feed	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 win	cc
11	win	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 feed	conj
12	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 disputes	amod
13	disputes	dispute	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 win	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lead	present · passive	females	Groups		vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	feed	present	females		first property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
3	win	present	females not said here	most disputes		vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dispute=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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