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Test 10 · The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar

A friend says only apes and people use tools. What would you say?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, apes, you · What happens: say, use · To what, where: tools · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 86 «The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says only apes and people use tools.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 apes	advmod
5	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 use	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 people	cc
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 apes	conj
8	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
9	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 use	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	use	present	apes and people	tools					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would you say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 say	obj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	would	you						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Monkeys use tools but only in cartoons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obj
4	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 cartoons	cc
5	only	only	ADV	_	7 cartoons	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 cartoons	case
7	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 tools	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Monkeys	tools but cartoons					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient

Option 2

Right, no monkey has ever used a tool

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	7 used	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 used	punct
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 monkey	det
4	monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 used	nsubj:pass
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 used	aux
6	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	7 used	advmod
7	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 tool	det
9	tool	tool	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 used	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · perfect · passive		no monkey			ever		tree rules

Option 3

Only birds and people use tools

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 birds	advmod
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 people	cc
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 birds	conj
5	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	birds and people	tools					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Capuchins crack nuts with stones, so monkeys use tools too

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Capuchins	capuchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 crack	nsubj
2	crack	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 crack	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 stones	case
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 crack	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 use	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	9 use	advmod
8	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 use	nsubj
9	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 crack	conj
10	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 use	obj
11	too	too	ADV	_	9 use	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crack	present	Capuchins	nuts				with stones	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent nut=Patient with stone=Instrument
2	use	present	monkeys	tools					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar/t10/