Exam question 2 · The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises a…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the colour change of the chameleon.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, chameleon · What happens: select, establish, concern, change · To what, where: response, colour change

This is exam question 2 of lesson 88 «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 change	det
11	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 change	compound
12	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 chameleon	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 chameleon	det
15	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 change	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the colour change of the chameleon		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus change=Experiencer
4	change		the chameleon			nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It serves chiefly to display mood and to regulate temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	2 serves	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 display	mark
5	display	display	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serves	xcomp
6	mood	mood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 display	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 regulate	cc
8	to	to	PART	_	9 regulate	mark
9	regulate	regulate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 display	conj
10	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regulate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	serve	present	It		chiefly property	tree rules
2	display	to-infinitive		mood		vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mood=Theme
3	regulate	to-infinitive		temperature		tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It serves exclusively to match the background upon which it rests

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 serves	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 match	mark
5	match	match	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serves	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 background	det
7	background	background	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 match	obj
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 rests	obl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 rests	nsubj
11	rests	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 background	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	serve	present	It			exclusively property	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
2	match	to-infinitive		the background			vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent background=Patient
3	rest	present	background		the background		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon which=Location

Option 3

It is produced by the ingestion of coloured insects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 ingestion	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ingestion	det
6	ingestion	ingestion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 insects	case
8	coloured	coloured	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 insects	amod
9	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ingestion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present · passive	the ingestion of coloured insects	It					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result
2	ingest			coloured insects					nom ingestion «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It occurs only during sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occurs	nsubj
2	occurs	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 sleep	advmod
4	during	during	ADP	_	5 sleep	case
5	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 occurs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	It	sleep					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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