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Exam question 4 · The aviary: the walk-through tropical house

It is given that a captive bird has lost weight while appearing healthy. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, lose, appear, select, establish · To what, where: It, captive bird, response

This is exam question 4 of lesson 93 «The aviary: the walk-through tropical house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a captive bird has lost weight while appearing healthy.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 lost	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bird	det
6	captive	captive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bird	amod
7	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lost	nsubj:pass
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lost	aux
9	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
10	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lost	obj
11	while	while	SCONJ	_	12 appearing	mark
12	appearing	appear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 lost	advcl
13	healthy	healthy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 appearing	xcomp
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	lose	present · perfect · passive		a captive bird					tree rules
3	appear	gerund						healthy property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Loss of weight is frequently the earliest sign of concealed illness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sign	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 weight	case
3	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Loss	nmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 sign	cop
5	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	8 sign	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sign	det
7	earliest	early	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 sign	amod
8	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 illness	case
10	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 illness	amod
11	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sign	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Loss of weight	the earliest sign				of concealed illness; frequently property	tree rules
2	conceal	participle							vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Loss of weight is without significance in birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 significance	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 weight	case
3	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Loss	nmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 significance	cop
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 significance	case
6	significance	significance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 birds	case
8	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 significance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Loss of weight					without significance; in birds	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Birds lose weight only in the weeks prior to their seasonal migration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	nsubj
2	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lose	obj
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 weeks	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 weeks	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 weeks	det
7	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	obl
8	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	12 migration	case
9	to	to	ADP	_	8 prior	fixed
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 migration	nmod:poss
11	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 migration	amod
12	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lose	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	Birds	weight			week	prior Birds's seasonal migration	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Eventuality
2	migrate		Birds = bird						nom migration «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

Loss of weight demonstrates excellent health

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 demonstrates	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 weight	case
3	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Loss	nmod
4	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	excellent	excellent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 health	amod
6	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 demonstrates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	demonstrate	present	Loss of weight	excellent health					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot health=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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