Exam question 2 · The nocturnal house: night animals by red light

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vampire bat?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: vampire bat

This is exam question 2 of lesson 95 «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bat	det
10	vampire	vampire	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bat	compound
11	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the vampire bat				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is the largest of all bats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 largest	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 largest	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 largest	det
4	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 bats	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 bats	det
7	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 largest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					of all bats; large property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is one of three species that lap small quantities of blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 one	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 one	cop
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 species	case
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 species	nummod
6	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 one	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 lap	nsubj
8	lap	lap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 species	acl:relcl
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 quantities	amod
10	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lap	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 blood	case
12	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 quantities	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	one				of three species	tree rules
2	lap	present	three species	small quantities of blood					vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is entirely blind and navigates by smell alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 blind	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blind	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 blind	advmod
4	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 navigates	cc
6	navigates	navigate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blind	conj
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 smell	case
8	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 navigates	obl
9	alone	alone	ADV	_	6 navigates	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					blind, entirely property	tree rules
2	navigate	present						by smell; alone property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It sucks the blood of human beings throughout Europe by night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sucks	nsubj
2	sucks	suck	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 blood	det
4	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sucks	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 beings	case
6	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 beings	amod
7	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 blood	nmod
8	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	9 Europe	case
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 sucks	obl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 night	case
11	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sucks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suck	present	It	the blood of human beings			throughout Europe; night		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent blood=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/e2/