Test 10 · ★★ · The nocturnal house: night animals by red light

Why do night animals so often have big eyes?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: do, have · To what, where: night animals, big eyes

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 95 «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 have	advcl
3	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 animals	compound
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 do	obj
5	so	so	ADV	_	7 have	advmod
6	often	often	ADV	_	7 have	advmod
7	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 eyes	amod
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 have	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		night animals					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Eventuality
2	have	present		big eyes				often property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Big eyes help them smell food much better in the dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 eyes	amod
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 help	nsubj
3	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 help	obj
5	smell	smell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 help	xcomp
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 smell	obj
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 better	advmod
8	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 help	advmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 dark	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dark	det
11	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 help	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Big eyes	them = they		the dark			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	smell	infinitive	them = they not said here	food					vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer food=Stimulus

Option 2

Big eyes keep them warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 eyes	amod
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	nsubj
3	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 keep	obj
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Big eyes	them = they				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Big eyes make them look scary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 eyes	amod
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	nsubj
3	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 make	obj
5	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 make	xcomp
6	scary	scary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 look	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Big eyes	them = they					tree rules
2	look	infinitive	them = they not said here					scary property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Big eyes let in as much dim light as possible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 eyes	amod
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 let	nsubj
3	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	3 let	compound:prt
5	as	as	ADV	_	6 much	advmod
6	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 light	amod
7	dim	dim	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 light	amod
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 let	obj
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 possible	mark
10	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 let	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let in	present	Big eyes	much dim light					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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