Exam question 1 · The petting farm: goats, sheep, pigs, rabbits and washing…

Identify the principal reason for which the pig is observed to wallow in mud in warm weather.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, observe, wallow · To what, where: principal reason, pig, mud

This is exam question 1 of lesson 96 «The petting farm: goats, sheep, pigs, rabbits and washing hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 observed	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pig	det
8	pig	pig	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 observed	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 observed	aux:pass
10	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 wallow	mark
12	wallow	wallow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 observed	xcomp
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 mud	case
14	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wallow	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 weather	case
16	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 weather	amod
17	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wallow	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	observe	present · passive		the pig		for the principal reason	tree rules
3	wallow	to-infinitive			mud	in warm weather	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It derives its food principally from mud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 food	nmod:poss
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obj
5	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 derives	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 mud	case
7	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It	its food		mud		principally property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent food=Result from mud=Material

Option 2

It thereby removes parasites from its teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 removes	nsubj
2	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	3 removes	advmod
3	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	parasites	parasite	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 removes	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 teeth	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 teeth	nmod:poss
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 removes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	It	parasites		its teeth		thereby property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent parasite=Theme from tooth=Source

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It possesses few sweat glands and mud serves to cool the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 glands	amod
4	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 glands	compound
5	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 serves	cc
7	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 serves	nsubj
8	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 possesses	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 cool	mark
10	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 serves	xcomp
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 skin	det
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cool	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	possess	present	It	few sweat glands	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gland=Theme
2	serve	present	mud		tree rules
3	cool	to-infinitive	mud not said here	the skin	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent skin=Patient

Option 4

It is by nature disposed towards uncleanliness and enjoys dirt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 nature	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 nature	cop
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 nature	case
4	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	disposed	dispose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 nature	acl
6	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 uncleanliness	case
7	uncleanliness	uncleanliness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 disposed	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 enjoys	cc
9	enjoys	enjoy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 disposed	conj
10	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enjoys	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		by nature	tree rules
2	dispose	participle		nature not said here	towards uncleanliness	vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent
3	enjoy	present		dirt		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dirt=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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