Exam question 2 · The insect house: ants, stick insects, tarantulas and scor…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the waggle dance of the honey bee?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, dance · To what, where: waggle dance, honey bee

This is exam question 2 of lesson 97 «The insect house: ants, stick insects, tarantulas and scorpions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dance	det
10	waggle	waggle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dance	compound
11	dance	dance	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 bee	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bee	det
14	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bee	compound
15	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dance	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the waggle dance of the honey bee	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	dance		the honey bee		nom dance «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It denotes the precise number of bees required to gather the nectar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 number	det
4	precise	precise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 number	amod
5	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 bees	case
7	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 number	nmod
8	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 bees	acl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 gather	mark
10	gather	gather	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 required	xcomp
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 nectar	det
12	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gather	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	denote	present	It	the precise number of bees	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot number=Topic
2	require	participle		bees not said here	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition
3	gather	to-infinitive		the nectar	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nectar=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its angle denotes direction relative to the sun and its duration denotes distance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 angle	nmod:poss
2	angle	angle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 denotes	nsubj
3	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 relative	compound
5	relative	relative	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 denotes	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sun	det
8	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 denotes	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 denotes	cc
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 duration	nmod:poss
11	duration	duration	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 denotes	nsubj
12	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 denotes	conj
13	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 denotes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	Its angle	direction relative				to the sun	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot relative=Theme to sun=Attribute
2	denote	present	angle's duration	distance					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot distance=Topic

Option 3

It is performed solely to attract a mate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 performed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 performed	aux:pass
3	performed	perform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 performed	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 attract	mark
6	attract	attract	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 performed	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mate	det
8	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 attract	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perform	present · passive		It				solely property	vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	attract	to-infinitive		a mate					vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mate=Patient

Option 4

It serves to warm the hive in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 warm	mark
4	warm	warm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serves	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hive	det
6	hive	hive	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warm	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warm	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	It						tree rules
2	warm	to-infinitive		the hive			winter		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hive=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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