Exam question 4 · The insect house: ants, stick insects, tarantulas and scor…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the respiration of insects.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, insects · What happens: select, establish, concern, respire · To what, where: response, respiration

This is exam question 4 of lesson 97 «The insect house: ants, stick insects, tarantulas and scorpions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 respiration	det
11	respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 insects	case
13	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 respiration	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the respiration of insects		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus respiration=Experiencer
4	respire		insects			nom respiration «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They breathe through their mouths by means of a pair of small lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 mouths	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 mouths	nmod:poss
5	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 means	case
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 breathe	parataxis
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 pair	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 pair	det
10	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 means	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 lungs	case
12	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 lungs	amod
13	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 pair	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	They			their mouths			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present						of a pair of small lungs	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They breathe through gills in the abdomen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	through	through	ADP	_	4 gills	case
4	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	obl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 abdomen	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 abdomen	det
7	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	They			gills		in the abdomen	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They breathe through openings along their sides termed spiracles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	through	through	ADP	_	4 openings	case
4	openings	opening	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	obl
5	along	along	ADP	_	7 sides	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 sides	nmod:poss
7	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 openings	nmod
8	termed	term	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 spiracles	amod
9	spiracles	spiracle	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 sides	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	They			openings along openings's sides and termed spiracles			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	term	participle							vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They do not require oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 require	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 require	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 require	advmod
4	require	require	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 require	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not require	present · do-support	They	oxygen					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme oxygen=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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