Exam question 1 · Andersen's Stories, The Brave Tin Soldier, part 1: tin sol…

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the one-legged tin soldier's situation at the close of this part?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, describe · To what, where: situation, close

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1000 «Andersen's Stories, The Brave Tin Soldier, part 1: tin soldiers meet a paper dancer, and one falls from the window» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 describes	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 describes	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 describes	advmod
8	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 soldier	det
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 legged	nummod
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 one	punct
12	legged	legged	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 soldier	amod
13	tin	tin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 soldier	compound
14	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 situation	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 soldier	case
16	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 describes	obj
17	at	at	ADP	_	19 close	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 close	det
19	close	close	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 describes	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 part	case
21	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 part	det
22	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 close	nmod
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the legged tin soldier's situation		the close of this part		of the following statements; accurately property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent situation=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He has fallen from the third-story window into the street below, where he lies beside a cart of cabbages.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fallen	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fallen	aux
3	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	9 window	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 window	det
6	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 story	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 third	punct
8	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 window	compound
9	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fallen	obl
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 street	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 street	det
12	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fallen	obl
13	below	below	ADV	_	3 fallen	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 lies	punct
15	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	17 lies	advmod
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 lies	nsubj
17	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fallen	conj
18	beside	beside	ADP	_	20 cart	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 cart	det
20	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 lies	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	22 cabbages	case
22	cabbages	cabbage	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 cart	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fallen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present · perfect	He			the story window		into the street; below property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from window=Initial_Location into street=Destination
2	lie	present	he			a cart of cabbages			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside cart=Location

Option 2

He has fallen from the third-story window and is now lying in the street below, having lost his one leg and his balance together.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fallen	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fallen	aux
3	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	9 window	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 window	det
6	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 story	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 third	punct
8	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 window	compound
9	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fallen	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 lying	cc
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 lying	aux
12	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 lying	advmod
13	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 fallen	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 street	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 street	det
16	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lying	obl
17	below	below	ADV	_	13 lying	advmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 having	punct
19	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 lying	conj
20	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	23 leg	amod
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 leg	nmod:poss
22	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 leg	nummod
23	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 having	obj
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 balance	cc
25	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 balance	nmod:poss
26	balance	balance	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 leg	conj
27	together	together	ADV	_	19 having	advmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fallen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present · perfect	He		the story window			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from window=Initial_Location
2	lie	present · progressive	He not said here		the street	now	below property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in street=Location
3	have	gerund	He not said here	his lost one leg and his balance			together property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
4	lose	participle						vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	balance		his = he					nom balance «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He has fallen from the third-story window into the street below.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fallen	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fallen	aux
3	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	9 window	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 window	det
6	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 story	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 third	punct
8	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 window	compound
9	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fallen	obl
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 street	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 street	det
12	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fallen	obl
13	below	below	ADV	_	12 street	advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fallen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present · perfect	He			the story window		into the street	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from window=Initial_Location into street=Destination

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He has been carried back to the table by the children at dawn.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 carried	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 carried	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 carried	aux:pass
4	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	back	back	ADV	_	4 carried	advmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 table	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 table	det
8	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carried	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 children	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 children	det
11	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carried	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 dawn	case
13	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carried	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 carried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry back	present · perfect · passive	the children	He		the table	dawn		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to table=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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