Exam question 3 · Andersen's Stories, The Brave Tin Soldier, part 1: tin sol…

Determine the reason the soldier believed the dancer possessed only one leg, with reference to her posture.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, soldier, dancer · What happens: determine, believe, possess · To what, where: reason, one leg · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1000 «Andersen's Stories, The Brave Tin Soldier, part 1: tin soldiers meet a paper dancer, and one falls from the window» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 soldier	det
5	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 believed	nsubj
6	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reason	acl:relcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dancer	det
8	dancer	dancer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 possessed	nsubj
9	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 believed	ccomp
10	only	only	ADV	_	11 one	advmod
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 leg	nummod
12	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 possessed	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 reference	punct
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 reference	case
15	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 possessed	obl
16	to	to	ADP	_	18 posture	case
17	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 posture	nmod:poss
18	posture	posture	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 reference	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the reason		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	believe	past	the soldier	the reason not said here		tree rules
3	possess	past	the dancer	one leg	with reference to dancer's posture	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot leg=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

She raised one leg so high that it could not be seen from the table where the soldier stood watching her dance.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 raised	nsubj
2	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 leg	nummod
4	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 raised	obj
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 high	advmod
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 raised	advcl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 seen	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 seen	nsubj:pass
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 seen	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 seen	advmod
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 seen	aux:pass
12	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 raised	advcl
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 table	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 table	det
15	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 seen	obl
16	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	19 stood	advmod
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 soldier	det
18	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 stood	nsubj
19	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 table	acl
20	watching	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 stood	xcomp
21	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 dance	nmod:poss
22	dance	dance	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 watching	obj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 raised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	raise	past	She	one leg		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Theme
2	not see	could · passive		leg	the table	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
3	stand	past	the soldier			vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	watch	gerund	the soldier not said here	soldier's dance		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dance=Theme
5	dance		soldier			nom dance «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

She kept her other leg hidden behind the snuff-box lid.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 kept	nsubj
2	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 leg	nmod:poss
4	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 leg	amod
5	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 kept	obj
6	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 leg	acl
7	behind	behind	ADP	_	12 lid	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 lid	det
9	snuff	snuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 box	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 snuff	punct
11	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lid	compound
12	lid	lid	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hidden	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 kept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	past	She	her other leg					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Theme
2	hide	participle		her other leg not said here		the box lid			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind lid=Location

Option 3

She raised one leg so high that the soldier could not see it, and so he thought she had only one.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 raised	nsubj
2	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 leg	nummod
4	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 raised	obj
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 high	advmod
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 raised	advcl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 see	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 soldier	det
9	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 see	nsubj
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 see	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 see	advmod
12	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 high	advcl
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 see	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 thought	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 thought	cc
16	so	so	ADV	_	18 thought	advmod
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 thought	nsubj
18	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 raised	parataxis
19	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 had	nsubj
20	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 thought	ccomp
21	only	only	ADV	_	22 one	advmod
22	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 had	obj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 raised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	raise	past	She	one leg	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Theme
2	not see	could	the soldier	leg	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
3	think speech: other	past	soldier		vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	have	past	she	one	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

She raised one leg so high that it could not be seen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 raised	nsubj
2	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 leg	nummod
4	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 raised	obj
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 high	advmod
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 raised	advcl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 seen	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 seen	nsubj:pass
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 seen	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 seen	advmod
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 seen	aux:pass
12	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 high	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 raised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	past	She	one leg					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Theme
2	not see	could · passive		leg					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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