Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Steadfast Tin Soldier and The…

Which of the following describes the immediate outcome of the tin soldier's descent into the gutter?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: tin soldier · What happens: follow, be, descend · To what, where: gutter

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1001 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Steadfast Tin Soldier and The Tinderbox, part 212: the tin soldier melts in the stove, and a soldier meets a witch by a hollow tree» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 outcome	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	8 outcome	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 outcome	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 outcome	case
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 outcome	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 outcome	det
7	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 outcome	amod
8	outcome	outcome	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	14 descent	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 soldier	det
11	tin	tin	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 soldier	compound
12	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 descent	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 soldier	case
14	descent	descent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 outcome	nmod
15	into	into	ADP	_	17 gutter	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 gutter	det
17	gutter	gutter	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 descent	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 outcome	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present			of the immediate outcome; of the tin soldier's descent into the gutter	tree rules
3	descend		the tin soldier	the gutter		nom descent «event intransitive»: poss=agent into=place

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He floated off in a boat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 floated	nsubj
2	floated	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	off	off	ADP	_	2 floated	compound:prt
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 boat	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 boat	det
6	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 floated	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 floated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float off	past	He			a boat			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in boat=Trajectory

Option 2

He drifted down the gutter in a boat of newspaper that two boys had folded and launched.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drifted	nsubj
2	drifted	drift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 drifted	compound:prt
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 gutter	det
5	gutter	gutter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drifted	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 boat	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 boat	det
8	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drifted	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 newspaper	case
10	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 boat	nmod
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 folded	nsubj:pass
12	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 boys	nummod
13	boys	boy	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 folded	nsubj:pass
14	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 folded	aux
15	folded	fold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 newspaper	acl:relcl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 launched	cc
17	launched	launch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 folded	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 drifted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	drift down	past	He	the gutter	a boat of newspaper	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent gutter=Theme in boat=Trajectory
2	fold	past · perfect · passive		newspaper		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
3	launch	participle				vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He was carried along by the stream in a paper vessel constructed by two boys.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 carried	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	aux:pass
3	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	along	along	ADV	_	3 carried	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 stream	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 stream	det
7	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 vessel	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 vessel	det
10	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 vessel	compound
11	vessel	vessel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl
12	constructed	construct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 vessel	acl
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 boys	case
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 boys	nummod
15	boys	boy	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 constructed	obl:agent
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 carried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	past · passive	the stream	He		a paper vessel		along property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Value in vessel=Location
2	construct	participle		a paper vessel not said here					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

He sank at once in the gutter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sank	nsubj
2	sank	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 once	case
4	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 sank	obl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 gutter	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gutter	det
7	gutter	gutter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sank	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sank	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	past	He			the gutter			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1001-pg27200-part212/e1/