Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling, part 224: the d…

Which of the following best describes the duckling's reaction to the hunters' gunfire?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: duckling · What happens: follow, describe, react · To what, where: reaction

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1013 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling, part 224: the duckling survives the hunters, a cottage, and a freezing winter» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 duckling	det
8	duckling	duckling	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reaction	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 duckling	case
10	reaction	reaction	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	15 gunfire	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 hunters	det
13	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 gunfire	nmod:poss
14	'	's	PART	_	13 hunters	case
15	gunfire	gunfire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the duckling's reaction	of the best; to the hunters's gunfire	tree rules
3	react		the duckling			nom reaction «process intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He dove beneath the surface and swam along the bottom of the pond until the sounds ceased

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 swam	nsubj
2	dove	dove	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 He	obl:unmarked
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	5 surface	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 surface	det
5	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dove	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 swam	cc
7	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	along	along	ADP	_	10 bottom	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bottom	det
10	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 swam	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 pond	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 pond	det
13	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bottom	nmod
14	until	until	ADP	_	16 sounds	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 sounds	det
16	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 swam	obl
17	ceased	cease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 sounds	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	past	He			the bottom of the pond	until the sounds		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory
2	cease	participle		the sounds not said here					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He remained motionless among the rushes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 remained	nsubj
2	remained	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	motionless	motionless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 remained	xcomp
4	among	among	ADP	_	6 rushes	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rushes	det
6	rushes	rush	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 remained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	past	He			the rushes		motionless property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among rush=Location

Option 3

He flapped his wings and flew off

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flapped	nsubj
2	flapped	flap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 wings	nmod:poss
4	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flapped	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 flew	cc
6	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 flapped	conj
7	off	off	ADP	_	6 flew	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flap	past	He	his wings					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient
2	fly off	past	He not said here						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

He moved quickly from one clump of reeds to another, trying to escape the guns entirely

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 moved	nsubj
2	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	2 moved	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 clump	case
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 clump	nummod
6	clump	clump	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 moved	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 reeds	case
8	reeds	reed	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 clump	nmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 another	case
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	2 moved	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 trying	punct
12	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 moved	advcl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 escape	mark
14	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 trying	xcomp
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 guns	det
16	guns	gun	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 escape	obj
17	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	14 escape	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	move	past	He		one clump of reeds	to another; quickly property	vn slide-11.2 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from clump=Initial_Location to another=Destination
2	try	gerund	He not said here				vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	escape not said to happen	to-infinitive	He not said here	the guns		entirely property	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gun=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1013-pg27200-part224/e1/