Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling fl…

Which of the following best describes the duckling's reaction, upon perceiving his reflection, in the clear stream below?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: duckling · What happens: follow, describe, perceive, react · To what, where: reaction, reflection

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1014 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling flies to the swans, sees his own beauty, and is welcomed» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 duckling	det
8	duckling	duckling	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reaction	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 duckling	case
10	reaction	reaction	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 perceiving	punct
12	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	13 perceiving	mark
13	perceiving	perceive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 describes	advcl
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 reflection	nmod:poss
15	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 perceiving	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 stream	punct
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 stream	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 stream	det
19	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 stream	amod
20	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 perceiving	conj
21	below	below	ADV	_	20 stream	advmod
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the duckling's reaction	of the best	tree rules
3	perceive	gerund		his reflection		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer reflection=Stimulus
4	react		the duckling			nom reaction «process intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He feels joy and turns away from the swans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 feels	nsubj
2	feels	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	joy	joy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 feels	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 turns	cc
5	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 feels	conj
6	away	away	ADV	_	5 turns	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 swans	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 swans	det
9	swans	swan	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feel	present	He	joy					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joy=Theme
2	turn away	present	He not said here			the swans		away property	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from swan=Source

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He is overcome with joy and conceals his face beneath his wing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 overcome	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 overcome	aux:pass
3	overcome	overcome	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 joy	case
5	joy	joy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 overcome	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 conceals	cc
7	conceals	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 overcome	conj
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 face	nmod:poss
9	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 conceals	obj
10	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	12 wing	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 wing	nmod:poss
12	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 conceals	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overcome	present · passive		He				with joy	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	conceal	present		his face		his wing			vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent face=Patient beneath wing=Location

Option 3

He is overcome with joy and conceals his face beneath his wing, too happy to even look up

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 overcome	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 overcome	aux:pass
3	overcome	overcome	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 joy	case
5	joy	joy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 overcome	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 conceals	cc
7	conceals	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 overcome	conj
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 face	nmod:poss
9	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 conceals	obj
10	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	12 wing	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 wing	nmod:poss
12	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 conceals	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 happy	punct
14	too	too	ADV	_	15 happy	advmod
15	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 overcome	parataxis
16	to	to	PART	_	18 look	mark
17	even	even	ADV	_	18 look	advmod
18	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 happy	advcl
19	up	up	ADP	_	18 look	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	overcome	present · passive	He		with joy	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	conceal	present	his face	his wing		vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent face=Patient beneath wing=Location
3	look up	to-infinitive				vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4

He is shy and hides in the reeds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 shy	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shy	cop
3	shy	shy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 hides	cc
5	hides	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shy	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 reeds	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 reeds	det
8	reeds	reed	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hides	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					shy property	tree rules
2	hide	present	He not said here			the reeds			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in reed=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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