Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling fl…

Which of the following correctly states the reason that Knud refuses to enter the water?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: reason · What happens: follow, state, refuse, not enter · To what, where: reason, water

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1014 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling flies to the swans, sees his own beauty, and is welcomed» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 states	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 states	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 states	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 states	nsubj
5	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	6 states	advmod
6	states	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 reason	det
8	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 states	obj
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 refuses	nsubj
10	Knud	Knud	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 refuses	nsubj
11	refuses	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 reason	acl:relcl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 enter	mark
13	enter	enter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 refuses	xcomp
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 water	det
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 enter	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 states	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	state speech: other	present		the reason	correctly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
3	refuse	present	the reason			vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	not enter	to-infinitive	the reason not said here	the water		vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He is scared, and Joanna's dream made it worse

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 scared	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scared	cop
3	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 made	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 made	cc
6	Joanna	Joanna	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 dream	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Joanna	case
8	dream	dream	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 made	nsubj
9	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 scared	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 made	obj
11	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 made	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	He		scared property	tree rules
2	make	past	Joanna's dream	it	bad property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
3	dream		Joanna			nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He fears the water, and his mother forbids it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 fears	nsubj
2	fears	fear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 water	det
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fears	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 forbids	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 forbids	cc
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 mother	nmod:poss
8	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 forbids	nsubj
9	forbids	forbid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 fears	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 forbids	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fear	present	He	the water					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus
2	forbid	present	his mother	water					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Theme

Option 3

He is too cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cold	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cold	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 cold	advmod
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					cold property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He is greatly afraid of it, and Joanna's dream confirms his fear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 afraid	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 afraid	cop
3	greatly	greatly	ADV	_	4 afraid	advmod
4	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 it	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 afraid	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 confirms	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 confirms	cc
9	Joanna	Joanna	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 dream	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 Joanna	case
11	dream	dream	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 confirms	nsubj
12	confirms	confirm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 afraid	conj
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 fear	nmod:poss
14	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 confirms	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	He		of it; afraid, greatly property	tree rules
2	confirm	present	Joanna's dream	dream's fear		vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fear=Topic
3	dream		Joanna			nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
4	fear		dream			nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1014-pg27200-part225/e3/