Exam question 2 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Wild Swans, part 231: a proud…

What was the eventual cause of the prince's downfall?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be · To what, where: eventual cause

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1020 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Wild Swans, part 231: a proud prince is beaten by a gnat; a wicked queen plots against Eliza» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 cause	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 cause	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cause	det
4	eventual	eventual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cause	amod
5	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 downfall	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 prince	det
8	prince	prince	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 downfall	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 prince	case
10	downfall	downfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cause	nmod
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 cause	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past		the eventual cause				of the prince's downfall	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

An arrow from a distant archer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 arrow	det
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 archer	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 archer	det
5	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 archer	amod
6	archer	archer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arrow	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

A single small gnat that crawled into his ear and stung him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 gnat	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gnat	amod
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gnat	amod
4	gnat	gnat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 stung	nsubj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 crawled	nsubj
6	crawled	crawl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 gnat	acl:relcl
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 ear	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 ear	nmod:poss
9	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 crawled	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 crawled	cc
11	stung	sting	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 stung	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crawl	past	a single small gnat			gnat's ear			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ear=Destination
2	sting	past	a single small gnat	him = he					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A single gnat that stung his ear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 gnat	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 gnat	amod
3	gnat	gnat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stung	nsubj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 stung	nsubj
5	stung	sting	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 ear	nmod:poss
7	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stung	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sting	past	a single gnat	gnat's ear					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ear=Experiencer

Option 4

A tiny insect that flew into the palace and hid inside his golden helmet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 insect	det
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 insect	amod
3	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hid	nsubj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 flew	nsubj
5	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 insect	acl:relcl
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 palace	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 palace	det
8	palace	palace	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 flew	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 flew	cc
10	hid	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	inside	inside	ADP	_	14 helmet	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 helmet	nmod:poss
13	golden	golden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 helmet	amod
14	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	past	a tiny insect					into the palace result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into palace=Result
2	hide	past	a tiny insect			insect's golden helmet			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent inside helmet=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1020-pg27200-part231/e2/