Exam question 4 · Gods and Fighting Men, The Birth of Bran, part 13: Fionn s…

Describe the circumstances under which Iollan Eachtach came to be bound by the stipulation set by Fionn, and identify the sureties to that agreement.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, Iollan, stipulation · What happens: describe, come, bind, set, identify · To what, where: circumstances, stipulation, sureties

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1045 «Gods and Fighting Men, The Birth of Bran, part 13: Fionn slays Aillen, Goll submits to Fionn, and Tuiren marries Iollan» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Describe	describe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 circumstances	det
3	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Describe	obj
4	under	under	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 came	obl
6	Iollan	Iollan	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 came	nsubj
7	Eachtach	Eachtach	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Iollan	flat
8	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 circumstances	acl:relcl
9	to	to	PART	_	11 bound	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 bound	aux:pass
11	bound	bind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 came	advcl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 stipulation	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 stipulation	det
14	stipulation	stipulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bound	obl
15	set	set	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 stipulation	acl
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 Fionn	case
17	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 set	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 identify	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 identify	cc
20	identify	identify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Describe	advcl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sureties	det
22	sureties	surety	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 identify	obj
23	to	to	ADP	_	25 agreement	case
24	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	25 agreement	det
25	agreement	agreement	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 identify	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Describe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	describe	imperative	you not said here	the circumstances			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent circumstance=Theme
2	come	past	Iollan		the circumstances		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under which=Location
3	bind	to-infinitive · passive	the stipulation				vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	set	participle		the stipulation not said here		by Fionn	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by fionn=Destination
5	identify	infinitive	you not said here	the sureties		to that agreement	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent surety=Theme to agreement=be'

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Iollan agreed at the wedding feast to return Tuiren to Fionn's household if she should ever be unhappy in Ulster, and Caelte mac Ronan, Goll mac Morna, Lugaidh and Oisin stood surety for him.

The tree, 35 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Iollan	Iollan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 agreed	nsubj
2	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	6 feast	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 feast	det
5	wedding	wedding	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 feast	compound
6	feast	feast	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 agreed	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 return	mark
8	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 agreed	advcl
9	Tuiren	Tuiren	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 return	obj
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 household	case
11	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 household	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Fionn	case
13	household	household	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 return	obl
14	if	if	SCONJ	_	19 unhappy	mark
15	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 unhappy	nsubj
16	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 unhappy	aux
17	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	19 unhappy	advmod
18	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	19 unhappy	cop
19	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 return	advcl
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 Ulster	case
21	Ulster	Ulster	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 unhappy	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 stood	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 stood	cc
24	Caelte	Caelte	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 stood	nsubj
25	mac	Mac	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Caelte	flat
26	Ronan	Ronan	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Caelte	flat
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 mac	punct
28	Goll	Goll	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 mac	compound
29	mac	Mac	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Caelte	conj
30	Morna	Morna	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 mac	flat
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 Lugaidh	punct
32	Lugaidh	Lugaidh	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Caelte	conj
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 Oisin	cc
34	Oisin	Oisin	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 Lugaidh	conj
35	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 agreed	conj
36	surety	surety	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 stood	obj
37	for	for	ADP	_	38 him	case
38	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 stood	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 agreed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	past	Iollan		the wedding feast			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	return	to-infinitive	Iollan not said here	Tuiren	Fionn's household			vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tuiren=Theme to household=Destination
3	is a condition, not said to happen	should	Iollan		Ulster	ever	unhappy property	tree rules
4	stand	past	Caelte and Goll mac and Lugaidh and Oisin	surety			for Oisin	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer surety=Stimulus for he=Attribute

Option 2

Iollan agreed to send Tuiren back if she was unhappy, and Caelte and Goll stood as sureties to it.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Iollan	Iollan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 agreed	nsubj
2	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 send	mark
4	send	send	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 agreed	xcomp
5	Tuiren	Tuiren	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 send	obj
6	back	back	ADV	_	4 send	advmod
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 unhappy	mark
8	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 unhappy	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 unhappy	cop
10	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 send	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 stood	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 stood	cc
13	Caelte	Caelte	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 stood	nsubj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 Goll	cc
15	Goll	Goll	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Caelte	conj
16	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 agreed	conj
17	as	as	ADP	_	18 sureties	case
18	sureties	surety	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 stood	obl
19	to	to	ADP	_	20 it	case
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 stood	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 agreed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	past	Iollan				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	send back not said to happen	to-infinitive	Iollan not said here	Tuiren			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tuiren=Theme
3	is a condition, not said to happen	past	Iollan			unhappy property	tree rules
4	stand	past	Caelte and Goll		it	as sureties	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Iollan agreed to return Tuiren if she should be unhappy, and Caelte mac Ronan, Goll mac Morna and Lugaidh stood surety.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Iollan	Iollan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 agreed	nsubj
2	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 return	mark
4	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 agreed	xcomp
5	Tuiren	Tuiren	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 return	obj
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 unhappy	mark
7	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 unhappy	nsubj
8	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 unhappy	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 unhappy	cop
10	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 return	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 stood	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 stood	cc
13	Caelte	Caelte	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 stood	nsubj
14	mac	Mac	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Caelte	flat
15	Ronan	Ronan	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Caelte	flat
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 mac	punct
17	Goll	Goll	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 mac	compound
18	mac	Mac	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Caelte	conj
19	Morna	Morna	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 mac	flat
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 Lugaidh	cc
21	Lugaidh	Lugaidh	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Caelte	conj
22	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 agreed	conj
23	surety	surety	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 stood	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 agreed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	past	Iollan			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	return not said to happen	to-infinitive	Iollan not said here	Tuiren		vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tuiren=Theme
3	is a condition, not said to happen	should	Iollan		unhappy property	tree rules
4	stand	past	Caelte and Goll mac and Lugaidh	surety		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer surety=Stimulus

Option 4

Iollan was bound by Fionn's stipulation only after Tuiren begged for it, and Caelte mac Ronan, Goll mac Morna and Lugaidh were the sureties who guaranteed it at Tara.

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Iollan	Iollan	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 bound	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bound	aux:pass
3	bound	bind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 stipulation	case
5	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 stipulation	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Fionn	case
7	stipulation	stipulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bound	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	11 begged	advmod
9	after	after	SCONJ	_	11 begged	mark
10	Tuiren	Tuiren	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 begged	nsubj
11	begged	beg	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bound	advcl
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 it	case
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 begged	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 sureties	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 sureties	cc
16	Caelte	Caelte	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 mac	compound
17	mac	Mac	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 sureties	nsubj
18	Ronan	Ronan	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 mac	flat
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 mac	punct
20	Goll	Goll	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 mac	compound
21	mac	Mac	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 mac	appos
22	Morna	Morna	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 mac	flat
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 Lugaidh	cc
24	Lugaidh	Lugaidh	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 mac	conj
25	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 sureties	cop
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 sureties	det
27	sureties	surety	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bound	conj
28	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 guaranteed	nsubj
29	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 sureties	acl:relcl
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 guaranteed	obj
31	at	at	ADP	_	32 Tara	case
32	Tara	Tara	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 guaranteed	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 bound	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	bind	past · passive	Fionn's stipulation	Iollan			vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	beg speech: request	past	Tuiren			for stipulation	vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent for it=Topic
3	is a	past	Caelte mac	the sureties			tree rules
4	guarantee	past	the sureties	stipulation	Tara		vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Theme
5	stipulate		Fionn				nom stipulation «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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