Exam question 1 · Old Celtic Romances, The Carl of the Drab Coat: Cael of th…

Explain with reference to the text why Cael of the Iron was defeated by the Carl of the Drab Coat.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Carl · What happens: explain, defeat · To what, where: text, Cael

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1059 «Old Celtic Romances, The Carl of the Drab Coat: Cael of the Iron is beaten and the Carl is revealed as a god» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	3 reference	case
3	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 text	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 text	det
6	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obl
7	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	13 defeated	advmod
8	Cael	Cael	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 defeated	nsubj:pass
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 Iron	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Iron	det
11	Iron	Iron	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Cael	nmod
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 defeated	aux:pass
13	defeated	defeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Explain	advcl
14	by	by	ADP	_	16 Carl	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Carl	det
16	Carl	Carl	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 defeated	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	20 Coat	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Coat	det
19	Drab	Drab	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Coat	compound
20	Coat	Coat	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Carl	nmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	imperative	you not said here		the text			with reference	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to text=Recipient
2	defeat	past · passive	the Carl of the Drab Coat	Cael of the Iron					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The Carl's superior strength and cunning, shown in his blow with the slop and his sure aim, overcame Cael

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Carl	det
2	Carl	Carl	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 strength	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Carl	case
4	superior	superior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 strength	amod
5	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 cunning	cc
7	cunning	cunning	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 strength	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 shown	punct
9	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 strength	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 blow	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 blow	nmod:poss
12	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shown	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 slop	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 slop	det
15	slop	slop	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 blow	nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 aim	cc
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 aim	nmod:poss
18	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 aim	amod
19	aim	aim	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 slop	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 Cael	punct
21	overcame	overcame	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 Cael	amod
22	Cael	Cael	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 strength	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	show	participle		the Carl's superior strength and cunning and overcame Cael not said here	his blow with the slop and his sure aim		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	blow		his = he			with the slop and his sure aim	nom blow «act intransitive»: poss=agent with=obl
3	aim		his = he				nom aim «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Cael was defeated by the Carl of the Drab Coat because the Carl was the ruler of the Shi' of Rath Cruachan, a god, and no mortal could ever overcome such a divine being in any contest of strength, cunning or aim whatsoever

The tree, 44 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cael	Cael	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 defeated	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 defeated	aux:pass
3	defeated	defeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 Carl	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Carl	det
6	Carl	Carl	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 defeated	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 Coat	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Coat	det
9	Drab	Drab	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Coat	compound
10	Coat	Coat	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Carl	nmod
11	because	because	SCONJ	_	16 ruler	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Carl	det
13	Carl	Carl	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 ruler	nsubj
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 ruler	cop
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 ruler	det
16	ruler	ruler	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 defeated	advcl
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 Shi	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Shi	det
19	Shi	Shi	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 ruler	nmod
20	'	's	PART	_	19 Shi	case
21	of	of	ADP	_	22 Rath	case
22	Rath	Rath	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Shi	nmod
23	Cruachan	Cruachan	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Rath	flat
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 god	punct
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 god	det
26	god	god	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 Rath	appos
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 overcome	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 overcome	cc
29	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	30 mortal	det
30	mortal	mortal	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 overcome	nsubj
31	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	33 overcome	aux
32	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	33 overcome	advmod
33	overcome	overcome	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 defeated	parataxis
34	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	36 divine	det:predet
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 divine	det
36	divine	divine	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 contest	nsubj
37	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	40 contest	cop
38	in	in	ADP	_	40 contest	case
39	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	40 contest	det
40	contest	contest	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 overcome	parataxis
41	of	of	ADP	_	42 strength	case
42	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 contest	nmod
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 cunning	punct
44	cunning	cunning	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 contest	conj
45	or	or	CCONJ	_	46 aim	cc
46	aim	aim	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 contest	conj
47	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	33 overcome	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	defeat	past · passive	the Carl of the Drab Coat	Cael				tree rules
2	is a	past	the Carl	the ruler			of the Shi of Rath	tree rules
3	overcome	could	no mortal			ever	whatsoever property	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
4	is	gerund	such divine		any contest and cunning or aim		of strength	tree rules

Option 3

The Carl won because Cael was careless and slow in the chase, and the Carl's throw was clever and well aimed at his face

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Carl	det
2	Carl	Carl	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 won	nsubj
3	won	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 careless	mark
5	Cael	Cael	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 careless	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 careless	cop
7	careless	careless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 won	ccomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 slow	cc
9	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 careless	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 chase	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 chase	det
12	chase	chase	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 slow	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 clever	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 clever	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Carl	det
16	Carl	Carl	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 throw	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 Carl	case
18	throw	throw	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 clever	nsubj
19	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 clever	cop
20	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 won	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 aimed	cc
22	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	23 aimed	advmod
23	aimed	aim	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 clever	conj
24	at	at	ADP	_	26 face	case
25	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 face	nmod:poss
26	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 aimed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	win	past	the Carl			vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	Cael		careless property	tree rules
3	be		Cael not said here	the chase		tree rules
4	is	past	the Carl's throw		clever property	tree rules
5	aim	participle	the Carl's throw not said here	Carl's face	well property	vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
6	throw		the Carl			nom throw «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Cael was defeated because the Carl's blow with the slop was lucky and Cael was tired from the chase out on the sea

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cael	Cael	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 defeated	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 defeated	aux:pass
3	defeated	defeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 lucky	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Carl	det
6	Carl	Carl	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 blow	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Carl	case
8	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lucky	nsubj
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 slop	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 slop	det
11	slop	slop	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 blow	nmod
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 lucky	cop
13	lucky	lucky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 defeated	advcl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 tired	cc
15	Cael	Cael	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 tired	nsubj
16	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 tired	cop
17	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 lucky	conj
18	from	from	ADP	_	20 chase	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 chase	det
20	chase	chase	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 defeated	obl
21	out	out	ADP	_	3 defeated	compound:prt
22	on	on	ADP	_	24 sea	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 sea	det
24	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 defeated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	defeat out	past · passive		Cael	the chase	on the sea	tree rules
2	is	past	the Carl's blow with the slop			lucky property	tree rules
3	is	past	Cael			tired property	tree rules
4	blow		the Carl			with the slop	nom blow «act intransitive»: poss=agent with=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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