Exam question 1 · Indian Myths, The Boy and the Bear Chief, part 24: the chi…

Which of the following describes the magical transformation performed upon the elder brothers by the bear chief?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, be, perform · To what, where: magical transformation

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1223 «Indian Myths, The Boy and the Bear Chief, part 24: the chief turns the brothers half bear, and the little hunter burns the mountain» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 transformation	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 transformation	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 transformation	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 transformation	case
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 transformation	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 transformation	det
7	magical	magical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 transformation	amod
8	transformation	transformation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	performed	perform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 transformation	acl
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 brothers	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 brothers	det
12	elder	elder	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 brothers	amod
13	brothers	brother	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 performed	obl
14	by	by	ADP	_	17 chief	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 chief	det
16	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 chief	compound
17	chief	chief	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 performed	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 transformation	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present		follow the magical transformation	tree rules
3	perform	participle	the magical transformation not said here	upon the elder brothers; by the bear chief	vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He turned them into bears with a spell.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 turned	nsubj
2	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 turned	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 bears	case
5	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 turned	obl
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 spell	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 spell	det
8	spell	spell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turned	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 turned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past	He	them = they		bears		with a spell	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme into bear=Trajectory

Option 2

The chief dipped a leaf in a stream and rubbed it on their faces, making their heads into those of a wolf.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 chief	det
2	chief	chief	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dipped	nsubj
3	dipped	dip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 leaf	det
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dipped	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 stream	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 stream	det
8	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dipped	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 rubbed	cc
10	rubbed	rub	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dipped	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 rubbed	obj
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 faces	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 faces	nmod:poss
14	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 rubbed	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 making	punct
16	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 rubbed	advcl
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 heads	nmod:poss
18	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 making	obj
19	into	into	ADP	_	20 those	case
20	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	16 making	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 wolf	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 wolf	det
23	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 those	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dipped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	dip	past	the chief	a leaf	a stream	vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme in stream=Trajectory
2	rub	past	the chief not said here	leaf	their faces	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on face=Destination
3	make	gerund	the chief not said here	faces's heads	those	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent head=Material into that=Product

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The chief dipped moss in a spring and rubbed it on their limbs, changing their arms and legs into those of a bear.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 chief	det
2	chief	chief	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dipped	nsubj
3	dipped	dip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	moss	moss	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dipped	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 spring	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 spring	det
7	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dipped	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 rubbed	cc
9	rubbed	rub	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dipped	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rubbed	obj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 limbs	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 limbs	nmod:poss
13	limbs	limb	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 rubbed	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 changing	punct
15	changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 rubbed	advcl
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 arms	nmod:poss
17	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 changing	obj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 legs	cc
19	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 arms	conj
20	into	into	ADP	_	21 those	case
21	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	15 changing	obl
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 bear	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 bear	det
24	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 those	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dipped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dip	past	the chief	moss		spring		vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location moss=Theme
2	rub	past	the chief not said here	moss	their limbs			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on limb=Destination
3	change	gerund	the chief not said here	limbs's arms and legs			into those result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent arm=Patient into that=Result

Option 4

The chief rubbed moss on their arms.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 chief	det
2	chief	chief	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	rubbed	rub	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 chief	acl
4	moss	moss	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rubbed	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 arms	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 arms	nmod:poss
7	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rubbed	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 chief	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rub	participle	the chief not said here	moss		their arms			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent moss=Theme on arm=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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