Exam question 4 · Norse Tales, The Youth and the Hill-Folk, part 33: a youth…

Specify the means by which the youth escaped harm upon departing his in-laws' residence.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: youth · What happens: specify, mean, escape, depart · To what, where: harm, youth, residence

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1232 «Norse Tales, The Youth and the Hill-Folk, part 33: a youth is left alone on an island and a strange girl marries him» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Specify	specify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 means	nsubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 escaped	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 youth	det
7	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 escaped	nsubj
8	escaped	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 means	parataxis
9	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 escaped	obj
10	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	11 departing	mark
11	departing	depart	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 escaped	advcl
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 departing	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	17 residence	case
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 in	punct
15	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 residence	nmod:poss
16	'	's	PART	_	15 laws	case
17	residence	residence	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 departing	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	specify	infinitive				vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	escape	past	the youth	harm		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme harm=Initial_Location
4	depart	gerund	the youth not said here	youth	laws's residence	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme his=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He dodged the thrown axe by hiding behind the wooden door frame

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 dodged	nsubj
2	dodged	dodge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 axe	det
4	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 axe	amod
5	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dodged	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 hiding	mark
7	hiding	hide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 dodged	advcl
8	behind	behind	ADP	_	12 frame	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 frame	det
10	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 frame	amod
11	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 frame	compound
12	frame	frame	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hiding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	dodge	past	He	the thrown axe		vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent axe=Location
2	throw	participle				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
3	hide	gerund	He not said here		the wooden door frame	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind frame=Location

Option 2

He jumped aside as a chair was thrown

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 jumped	nsubj
2	jumped	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	aside	aside	ADV	_	2 jumped	advmod
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	8 thrown	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 chair	det
6	chair	chair	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 thrown	nsubj:pass
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 thrown	aux:pass
8	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 jumped	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	past	He					aside property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	throw	past · passive		a chair					vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He leapt across the threshold, avoiding the hammer hurled by his father-in-law

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 leapt	nsubj
2	leapt	leapt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	across	across	ADP	_	5 threshold	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 threshold	det
5	threshold	threshold	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 avoiding	punct
7	avoiding	avoid	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 leapt	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hammer	det
9	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 avoiding	obj
10	hurled	hurl	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 hammer	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 father	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 father	nmod:poss
13	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 avoiding	obl
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 law	punct
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 law	case
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 in	punct
17	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 father	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	leapt	past	He		the threshold		tree rules
2	avoid	gerund	He not said here	the hammer		by his father in law	vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent hammer=Location
3	hurl	participle		the hammer not said here			vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

He sprang over the wooden threshold at the last moment, so the hammer hurled by his father-in-law flew harmlessly past and struck the wall of the house behind him

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sprang	nsubj
2	sprang	spring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	over	over	ADP	_	6 threshold	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 threshold	det
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 threshold	amod
6	threshold	threshold	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sprang	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	10 moment	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 moment	det
9	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 moment	amod
10	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sprang	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 hurled	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	15 hurled	advmod
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 hammer	det
14	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hurled	nsubj
15	hurled	hurl	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 sprang	conj
16	by	by	SCONJ	_	23 flew	mark
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 father	nmod:poss
18	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 flew	nsubj
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	22 law	punct
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 law	case
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	20 in	punct
22	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 father	nmod
23	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 hurled	advcl
24	harmlessly	harmlessly	ADV	_	25 past	advmod
25	past	past	ADV	_	23 flew	advmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 struck	cc
27	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 flew	conj
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 wall	det
29	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 struck	obj
30	of	of	ADP	_	32 house	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 house	det
32	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 wall	nmod
33	behind	behind	ADP	_	34 him	case
34	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 struck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spring	past	He		the wooden threshold	moment		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over threshold=Trajectory
2	hurl	participle	the hammer					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	fly	past	his father in law				past property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	strike	past	his father in law not said here	the wall of the house			behind father	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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