Exam question 1 · pg3282, The Lion and the Wild Cat, part 47: the lion steal…

Which of the following best describes the means by which the lion obtained the golden ball?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: the, lion · What happens: follow, describe, mean, obtain · To what, where: golden ball · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1246 «pg3282, The Lion and the Wild Cat, part 47: the lion steals the golden ball, and the old cat sees a copy of it» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 means	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 means	nsubj
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 obtained	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 lion	det
12	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 obtained	nsubj
13	obtained	obtain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 means	ccomp
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 ball	det
15	golden	golden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 ball	amod
16	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 obtained	obj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present	the not said here		of the best	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent which=Theme
3	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	obtain	past	the lion	the golden ball		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By inducing the cat to lend it under false pretence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 inducing	mark
2	inducing	induce	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cat	det
4	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 inducing	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 lend	mark
6	lend	lend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 inducing	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 lend	obj
8	under	under	ADP	_	10 pretence	case
9	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 pretence	amod
10	pretence	pretence	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	induce	gerund		the cat					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Patient
2	lend	to-infinitive		cat		false pretence			vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 2

By persuading the cat to lend it under a false promise of quick return

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 persuading	mark
2	persuading	persuade	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cat	det
4	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 persuading	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 lend	mark
6	lend	lend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 persuading	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 lend	obj
8	under	under	ADP	_	11 promise	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 promise	det
10	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 promise	amod
11	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lend	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 return	case
13	quick	quick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 return	amod
14	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 promise	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	persuade	gerund	the cat		vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Patient
2	lend	to-infinitive	cat	a false promise of quick return	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	promise		quick return		nom promise «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

By persuading the cat to hand it over for a game

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 persuading	mark
2	persuading	persuade	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cat	det
4	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 persuading	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 hand	mark
6	hand	hand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 persuading	xcomp
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 hand	obj
8	over	over	ADP	_	6 hand	compound:prt
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 game	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 game	det
11	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hand	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	persuade	gerund		the cat					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent cat=Patient clause=Result
2	hand over	to-infinitive	the cat not said here	cat				for a game	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

By tricking the cat into lending it, promising to give it back the next morning safely

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 tricking	mark
2	tricking	trick	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cat	det
4	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tricking	obj
5	into	into	SCONJ	_	6 lending	mark
6	lending	lend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 tricking	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 lending	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 promising	punct
9	promising	promise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 tricking	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 give	mark
11	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 promising	xcomp
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 give	obj
13	back	back	ADP	_	11 give	compound:prt
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 morning	det
15	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 morning	amod
16	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 give	obl:unmarked
17	safely	safely	ADV	_	11 give	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	trick	gerund	the cat			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Patient
2	lend	gerund	cat			vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	promise speech: promise	gerund				vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	give back not said to happen	to-infinitive	cat	morning	safely property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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