Exam question 2 · Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, the tree, the wo…

In the passage, to whom does Iktomi address his prayer, and what offering does he make in return?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Iktomi, offering · What happens: address, make, pray · To what, where: prayer, passage, return

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1265 «Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, the tree, the wolves and the blanket» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 passage	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 passage	det
3	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 address	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 passage	punct
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 whom	case
6	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 address	obl
7	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 address	aux
8	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 address	nsubj
9	address	address	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 prayer	nmod:poss
11	prayer	prayer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 address	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 make	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 make	cc
14	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	16 does	obj
15	offering	offering	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 does	nsubj
16	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 make	aux
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 make	nsubj
18	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 address	conj
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 return	case
20	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 make	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 address	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	address	present · do-support	Iktomi	Iktomi's prayer	the passage	vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Destination
2	make	present · do-support	offering		return	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	pray		Iktomi			nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

To a sacred tree, with a bundle of dried meat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	4 tree	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tree	det
3	sacred	sacred	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 tree	amod
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 bundle	punct
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 bundle	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bundle	det
8	bundle	bundle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tree	appos
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 meat	case
10	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 meat	amod
11	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bundle	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

To the spirit of the western sky, offering a new buffalo robe, a pipe, and his finest painted shield

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	3 spirit	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 spirit	det
3	spirit	spirit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 sky	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sky	det
6	western	western	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sky	amod
7	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spirit	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 offering	punct
9	offering	offer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 spirit	acl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 robe	det
11	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 robe	amod
12	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 robe	compound
13	robe	robe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 offering	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 pipe	punct
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 pipe	det
16	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 robe	appos
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 shield	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 shield	cc
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 shield	nmod:poss
20	finest	fine	ADV	Degree=Sup	21 painted	advmod
21	painted	paint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 shield	amod
22	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spirit	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	offer	gerund	the spirit of the western sky and his painted shield not said here	a new buffalo robe					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent robe=Theme
2	paint	participle						fine property	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To Inyan, the sacred stone, with his half-worn blanket

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	2 Inyan	case
2	Inyan	Inyan	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 stone	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 stone	det
5	sacred	sacred	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 stone	amod
6	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Inyan	appos
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 blanket	punct
8	with	with	ADP	_	13 blanket	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 blanket	nmod:poss
10	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	12 worn	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 half	punct
12	worn	worn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 blanket	amod
13	blanket	blanket	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stone	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

To Inyan, the great-grandfather stone at the ravine, offering his beautiful half-worn blanket with prayers

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	2 Inyan	case
2	Inyan	Inyan	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stone	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stone	det
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 stone	amod
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 great	punct
7	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stone	compound
8	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Inyan	appos
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 ravine	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ravine	det
11	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stone	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 offering	punct
13	offering	offer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 stone	acl
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 blanket	nmod:poss
15	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 blanket	amod
16	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	18 worn	compound
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	16 half	punct
18	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 blanket	amod
19	blanket	blanket	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 offering	obj
20	with	with	ADP	_	21 prayers	case
21	prayers	prayer	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 offering	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	offer	gerund	the great grandfather stone at the ravine not said here	Inyan's beautiful worn blanket				with prayers	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent blanket=Theme
2	wear	participle							vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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