Exam question 3 · More Celtic Fairy Tales, The Believing Husbands: three sil…

Upon what grounds did the young husband declare that his wife had no cause for alarm?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: young husband, wife · What happens: ground, declare, have · To what, where: cause · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1334 «More Celtic Fairy Tales, The Believing Husbands: three silly husbands are tricked by clever wives, and one of them runs naked to a burial» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Upon	upon	SCONJ	_	3 grounds	mark
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 grounds	nsubj
3	grounds	ground	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 declare	advcl
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 declare	aux
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 husband	det
6	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 husband	amod
7	husband	husband	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 declare	nsubj
8	declare	declare	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 had	mark
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 wife	nmod:poss
11	wife	wife	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 had	nsubj
12	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 declare	ccomp
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 cause	det
14	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 had	obj
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 alarm	case
16	alarm	alarm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cause	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 declare	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ground	present				vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	declare speech: other	past · do-support	the young husband			vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	have	past	husband's wife	no cause	for alarm	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He pointed out the saddle had not fallen on her.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pointed	nsubj
2	pointed	point	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 pointed	compound:prt
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 saddle	det
5	saddle	saddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fallen	nsubj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 fallen	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 fallen	advmod
8	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 pointed	ccomp
9	on	on	ADP	_	10 her	case
10	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 fallen	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pointed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	point out	past	He						tree rules
2	not fall	past · perfect	the saddle					on her = she	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on she=Location

Option 2

He observed that the saddle had been mended, so she was safe.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 observed	nsubj
2	observed	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 mended	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 saddle	det
5	saddle	saddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mended	nsubj:pass
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 mended	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 mended	aux:pass
8	mended	mend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 observed	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 safe	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 safe	advmod
11	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 safe	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 safe	cop
13	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 mended	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 observed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	observe	past	He			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mend	past · perfect · passive		the saddle		tree rules
3	is	past	she		safe property	tree rules

Option 3

He observed that the pack-saddle had not, in fact, fallen upon her at all, and that the mare was perfectly safe in the stable.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 observed	nsubj
2	observed	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 had	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 saddle	det
5	pack	pack	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 saddle	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 pack	punct
7	saddle	saddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 had	nsubj
8	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 observed	ccomp
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 had	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 fact	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 fact	case
12	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 had	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 fallen	punct
14	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 fact	acl
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 her	case
16	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 fallen	obl
17	at	at	ADP	_	18 all	case
18	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 fallen	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 safe	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 safe	cc
21	that	that	SCONJ	_	26 safe	mark
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 mare	det
23	mare	mare	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 safe	nsubj
24	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 safe	cop
25	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	_	26 safe	advmod
26	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 observed	conj
27	in	in	ADP	_	29 stable	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 stable	det
29	stable	stable	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 safe	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 observed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	observe	past	He				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not have	past	the pack saddle		fact		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	fall	participle		fact not said here	all	upon her = she	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon she=Location
4	is	past	the mare		the stable	perfectly, safe property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He observed that the pack-saddle had not, in fact, fallen upon her.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 observed	nsubj
2	observed	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 had	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 saddle	det
5	pack	pack	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 saddle	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 pack	punct
7	saddle	saddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 had	nsubj
8	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 observed	ccomp
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 had	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 fact	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 fact	case
12	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 had	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 fallen	punct
14	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 fact	acl
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 her	case
16	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 fallen	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 observed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	observe	past	He				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not have	past	the pack saddle		fact		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	fall	participle		fact not said here		upon her = she	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon she=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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