Exam question 1 · Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way…

With reference to the passage, state the function of the porter's refusal to admit visitors.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, porter · What happens: state, admit, refuse · To what, where: function, visitors

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1339 «Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way past the gate to polish a giant's sword» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 reference	case
2	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 state	obl
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 passage	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 passage	det
5	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reference	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 reference	punct
7	state	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 function	det
9	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 state	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	14 refusal	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 porter	det
12	porter	porter	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 refusal	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 porter	case
14	refusal	refusal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 function	nmod
15	to	to	PART	_	16 admit	mark
16	admit	admit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 state	advcl
17	visitors	visitor	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 admit	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 state	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the function of the porter's refusal	with reference to the passage	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent function=Topic
2	admit speech: other	to-infinitive	you not said here	visitors		vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Theme
3	refuse		the porter			nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It shows the porter is rude

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 porter	det
4	porter	porter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rude	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rude	cop
6	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 shows	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the porter					rude property	tree rules

Option 2

It proves the castle gate is strong and well made

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 proves	nsubj
2	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 gate	det
4	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 gate	compound
5	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 strong	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 strong	cop
7	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 proves	ccomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 made	cc
9	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 made	advmod
10	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 strong	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	prove	present	It		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the castle gate	strong property	tree rules
3	make	participle	the castle gate not said here	well property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 3

It shows the porter is afraid of the giant's wrath

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 porter	det
4	porter	porter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 afraid	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 afraid	cop
6	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 shows	ccomp
7	of	of	ADP	_	11 wrath	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 giant	det
9	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 wrath	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 giant	case
11	wrath	wrath	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 afraid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the porter					of the giant's wrath; afraid property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It establishes the rule that only craftsmen may enter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 establishes	nsubj
2	establishes	establish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rule	det
4	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 establishes	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 enter	obj
6	only	only	ADV	_	7 craftsmen	advmod
7	craftsmen	craftsman	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 enter	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 enter	aux
9	enter	enter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 rule	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	present	It	the rule					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient
2	enter	may	craftsmen	the rule					vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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