Exam question 4 · Japanese Fairy Tales, The Monkey and the Jelly-Fish, part…

With reference to the passage, state the manner by which the kurage conveyed the monkey across the water.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, kurage · What happens: state, convey · To what, where: manner, monkey, water

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1371 «Japanese Fairy Tales, The Monkey and the Jelly-Fish, part 31: the jelly fish tricks a monkey into going to the sea» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 reference	case
2	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 state	obl
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 passage	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 passage	det
5	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reference	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 reference	punct
7	state	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 manner	det
9	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 state	obj
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 which	case
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 conveyed	obl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 kurage	det
13	kurage	kurage	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conveyed	nsubj
14	conveyed	convey	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 state	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 monkey	det
16	monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conveyed	obj
17	across	across	ADP	_	19 water	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 water	det
19	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conveyed	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 state	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the manner				with reference to the passage	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent manner=Topic
2	convey	past	the kurage	the monkey		the water			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent monkey=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

by carrying him upon his back

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	by	by	SCONJ	_	2 carrying	mark
2	carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carrying	obj
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 back	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 back	nmod:poss
6	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carrying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	gerund		him = he				upon his back	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

by swimming fast beside him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	by	by	SCONJ	_	2 swimming	mark
2	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 swimming	advmod
4	beside	beside	ADP	_	5 him	case
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swimming	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	gerund						beside him = he; fast property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside he=Trajectory

Option 3

on the back

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	on	on	ADP	_	3 back	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 back	det
3	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

by swimming

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	by	by	SCONJ	_	2 swimming	mark
2	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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