Exam question 3 · The Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, part 1: a proud p…

Identify the literary device exemplified by the description of the lions as having two heads, eight feet, and four rows of teeth.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, exemplify, have, describe · To what, where: literary device, two heads, lions

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1421 «The Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, part 1: a proud princess and a queen's bargain with a dwarf» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 device	det
3	literary	literary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 device	amod
4	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	exemplified	exemplify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 device	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 description	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 description	det
8	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 exemplified	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 lions	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 lions	det
11	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 description	nmod
12	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 having	mark
13	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 exemplified	advcl
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 heads	nummod
15	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 having	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 feet	punct
17	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 feet	nummod
18	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 heads	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 rows	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 rows	cc
21	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 rows	nummod
22	rows	row	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Identify	obl
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 teeth	case
24	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 rows	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the literary device	four rows of teeth obl	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent device=Theme
2	exemplify	participle		the literary device not said here	by the description of the lions	tree rules
3	have	gerund		two heads and eight feet		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient
4	describe			the lions		nom description «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Alliteration, through repeated sounds that heighten the sense of menace

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Alliteration	alliteration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 sounds	punct
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 sounds	case
4	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 sounds	amod
5	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Alliteration	appos
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 heighten	nsubj
7	heighten	heighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sounds	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sense	det
9	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 heighten	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 menace	case
11	menace	menace	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sense	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	repeat	participle			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	heighten	present	repeated sounds	the sense of menace	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sense=Patient
3	sense			menace	nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Hyperbole, through exaggerated physical features that heighten the sense of menace

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyperbole	hyperbole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 features	punct
3	through	through	ADP	_	6 features	case
4	exaggerated	exaggerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 features	amod
5	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 features	amod
6	features	feature	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Hyperbole	conj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 heighten	nsubj
8	heighten	heighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 features	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sense	det
10	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 heighten	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 menace	case
12	menace	menace	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sense	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	exaggerate	participle			tree rules
2	heighten	present	exaggerated physical features	the sense of menace	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sense=Patient
3	sense			menace	nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Hyperbole, through exaggerated physical features that heighten the sense of menace and suggest the lions are almost mythical beasts

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyperbole	hyperbole	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 beasts	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 features	punct
3	through	through	ADP	_	6 features	case
4	exaggerated	exaggerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 features	amod
5	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 features	amod
6	features	feature	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Hyperbole	conj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 heighten	nsubj
8	heighten	heighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 features	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sense	det
10	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 heighten	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 menace	case
12	menace	menace	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sense	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 suggest	cc
14	suggest	suggest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 heighten	conj
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 lions	det
16	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 suggest	obj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 beasts	cop
18	almost	almost	ADV	_	19 mythical	advmod
19	mythical	mythical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 beasts	amod
20	beasts	beast	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	exaggerate	participle			tree rules
2	heighten	present	exaggerated physical features	the sense of menace	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sense=Patient
3	suggest speech: suggest	present	exaggerated physical features not said here	the lions	vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lion=Topic
4	is a	present	Hyperbole and exaggerated physical features	mythical beasts	tree rules
5	sense			menace	nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Personification, through human traits given to the lions that heighten the sense of menace

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Personification	personification	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 traits	punct
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 traits	case
4	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 traits	amod
5	traits	trait	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Personification	appos
6	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 traits	acl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 lions	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 lions	det
9	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 given	obl
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 heighten	nsubj
11	heighten	heighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 traits	acl:relcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sense	det
13	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 heighten	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 menace	case
15	menace	menace	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 sense	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	give	participle		human traits not said here	the lions	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to lion=Recipient
2	heighten	present	human traits	the sense of menace		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sense=Patient
3	sense			menace		nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1421-pg503-part8/e3/