Exam question 1 · Scottish Fairy Tales, The Black Bull of Norroway, the lady…

Which of the following describes the lady's use of the three gifts in the washerwife's house?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lady · What happens: follow, describe, use · To what, where: use, three gifts

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1502 «Scottish Fairy Tales, The Black Bull of Norroway, the lady's wanderings and the Red Etin's beginning: the lady wins the knight back and the Red Etin's tale starts» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 describes	obj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 describes	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 describes	nsubj
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 lady	det
7	lady	lady	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 use	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 lady	case
9	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 describes	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 gifts	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 gifts	det
12	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 gifts	nummod
13	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 use	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	18 house	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 washerwife	det
16	washerwife	washerwife	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 house	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 washerwife	case
18	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 gifts	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the lady's use of the three gifts in the washerwife's house	tree rules
3	use		the lady	the three gifts in the washerwife's house	nom use «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She broke each of the three gifts to obtain jewels, which she used to purchase nights with the knight while he slept under the drug

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 broke	nsubj
2	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 broke	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 gifts	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gifts	det
6	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 gifts	nummod
7	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 each	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 obtain	mark
9	obtain	obtain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 broke	advcl
10	jewels	jewel	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 obtain	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 used	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 used	obj
13	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 used	nsubj
14	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 jewels	acl:relcl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 purchase	mark
16	purchase	purchase	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 used	xcomp
17	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 purchase	obj
18	with	with	ADP	_	20 knight	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 knight	det
20	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 purchase	obl
21	while	while	SCONJ	_	23 slept	mark
22	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 slept	nsubj
23	slept	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 purchase	advcl
24	under	under	ADP	_	26 drug	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 drug	det
26	drug	drug	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 slept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	past	She	each				vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer each=Patient
2	obtain	to-infinitive	She not said here	jewels				vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset jewel=Theme
3	use	past	she	jewels				vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent which=Theme clause=Eventuality
4	purchase	to-infinitive	she not said here			night	with the knight	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
5	sleep	past	he		the drug			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

She broke each gift to obtain jewels, which she used to purchase nights with the knight

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 broke	nsubj
2	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 gift	det
4	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 broke	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 obtain	mark
6	obtain	obtain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 broke	advcl
7	jewels	jewel	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 obtain	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 used	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 used	obj
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 used	nsubj
11	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 jewels	acl:relcl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 purchase	mark
13	purchase	purchase	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 used	xcomp
14	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 purchase	obj
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 knight	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 knight	det
17	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 purchase	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	break	past	She	each gift			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gift=Patient
2	obtain	to-infinitive	She not said here	jewels			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset jewel=Theme
3	use	past	she	jewels			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent which=Theme clause=Eventuality
4	purchase	to-infinitive	she not said here		night	with the knight	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 3

Having broken each gift, she bartered the jewels for nights with the knight and later married him in the castle at dawn

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 bartered	advcl
2	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 gift	amod
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 gift	det
4	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Having	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Having	punct
6	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 bartered	nsubj
7	bartered	barter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 jewels	det
9	jewels	jewel	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bartered	obj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 nights	case
11	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bartered	obl
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 knight	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 knight	det
14	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bartered	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 married	cc
16	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	17 married	advmod
17	married	marry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 bartered	conj
18	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 married	obj
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 castle	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 castle	det
21	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 married	obl
22	at	at	ADP	_	23 dawn	case
23	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 married	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	gerund	she not said here	each broken gift				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Patient
2	break	participle						vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	barter	past	she	the jewels		night	with the knight	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent jewel=Theme with knight=Co-Agent
4	marry	past	she not said here	him = he	the castle	dawn	late property	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient

Option 4

She cracked every gift to gain treasure, then traded jewels for the knight's favour

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cracked	nsubj
2	cracked	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 gift	det
4	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cracked	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 gain	mark
6	gain	gain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 cracked	advcl
7	treasure	treasure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gain	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 traded	punct
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 traded	advmod
10	traded	trade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 cracked	conj
11	jewels	jewel	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 traded	obj
12	for	for	ADP	_	16 favour	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 knight	det
14	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 favour	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 knight	case
16	favour	favour	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 traded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	crack	past	She	every gift			vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gift=Theme
2	gain	to-infinitive	She not said here	treasure			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treasure=Theme
3	trade	past	She not said here	jewels	then	for the knight's favour	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent jewel=Theme for favour=Co-Theme
4	favour		the knight				nom favour «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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