Exam question 1 · Norse Tales, Halvor and the Trolls, part 8: Halvor beats t…

Upon what grounds did Halvor refuse to depart from the first castle?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: grounds · What happens: refuse, not depart · To what, where: first castle

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1511 «Norse Tales, Halvor and the Trolls, part 8: Halvor beats three trolls and wins back the princesses, then wishes himself home» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Upon	upon	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 refuse	obl
3	grounds	grounds	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 refuse	nsubj
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 refuse	aux
5	Halvor	Halvor	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 refuse	nsubj
6	refuse	refuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 depart	mark
8	depart	depart	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 refuse	xcomp
9	from	from	ADP	_	12 castle	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 castle	det
11	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	12 castle	amod
12	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 depart	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 refuse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	past · do-support	grounds						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not depart	to-infinitive	grounds not said here			the first castle			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from castle=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

He had committed no wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 committed	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 committed	aux
3	committed	commit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	no	no	ADV	_	5 wrong	advmod
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 committed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	commit	past · perfect	He					wrong property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He had a duty to stay

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 duty	det
4	duty	duty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 stay	mark
6	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 duty	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	He	a duty					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Patient
2	stay	to-infinitive	He not said here	a duty not said here					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

He was not told

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 told	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 told	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 told	advmod
4	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not tell speech: assert	past · passive		He					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Option 4

He was too tired

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tired	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 tired	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 tired	advmod
4	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					tired property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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