Exam question 2 · Norse Tales, The Master Thief, part 16: the youth steals a…
What is the principal reason the youth declines to leave the house?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: youth · What happens: be, decline, not leave · To what, where: principal reason, house
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1519 «Norse Tales, The Master Thief, part 16: the youth steals a man's ox with a shoe and a trick» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 reason | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reason | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 reason | det |
| 4 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 reason | amod |
| 5 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 youth | det |
| 7 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 declines | nsubj |
| 8 | declines | decline | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reason | acl:relcl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 leave | mark |
| 10 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 declines | xcomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 house | det |
| 12 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 leave | obj |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 reason | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the principal reason | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | decline | present | the youth | the principal reason not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not leave | to-infinitive | the youth not said here | the house | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
the storm is so violent that the road is flooded and no one could safely travel anywhere tonight
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 storm | det |
| 2 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 violent | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 violent | cop |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 violent | advmod |
| 5 | violent | violent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 flooded | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 road | det |
| 8 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 flooded | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 flooded | aux:pass |
| 10 | flooded | flood | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 violent | advcl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 travel | cc |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 one | det |
| 13 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 travel | nsubj |
| 14 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 travel | aux |
| 15 | safely | safely | ADV | _ | 16 travel | advmod |
| 16 | travel | travel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 violent | conj |
| 17 | anywhere | anywhere | ADV | PronType=Ind | 16 travel | advmod |
| 18 | tonight | tonight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 travel | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the storm | violent property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | flood | present · passive | the road | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | travel | could | no one | tonight | anywhere, safely property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
the weather is too severe for travel, and the robbers have offered him a bed
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 weather | det |
| 2 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 severe | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 severe | cop |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 severe | advmod |
| 5 | severe | severe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 travel | case |
| 7 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 severe | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 offered | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 offered | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 robbers | det |
| 11 | robbers | robber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 offered | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 offered | aux |
| 13 | offered | offer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 severe | conj |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 offered | iobj |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 bed | det |
| 16 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 offered | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the weather | for travel; severe property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | offer | present · perfect · passive | the robbers | him = he | tree rules |
Option 3
the robbers have invited him in
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 robbers | det |
| 2 | robbers | robber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 invited | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 invited | aux |
| 4 | invited | invite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 invited | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 invited | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invite | present · perfect · passive | the robbers | tree rules |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
the weather is too severe for travel
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 weather | det |
| 2 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 severe | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 severe | cop |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 severe | advmod |
| 5 | severe | severe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 travel | case |
| 7 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 severe | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the weather | for travel; severe property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1519-pg540-part16/e2/