Exam question 2 · Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dolphin: a pet monkey i…

Identify the principal moral conveyed by the fable in which the dolphin dives beneath the surface.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, dolphin · What happens: identify, convey, dive · To what, where: principal moral

This is exam question 2 of lesson 153 «Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dolphin: a pet monkey is carried ashore on a dolphin's back, then lies about his family and drowns.» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 moral	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 moral	amod
4	moral	moral	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	conveyed	convey	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 moral	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 fable	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fable	det
8	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 conveyed	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 dives	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 dolphin	det
12	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dives	nsubj
13	dives	dive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fable	parataxis
14	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	16 surface	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 surface	det
16	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dives	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal moral		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent moral=Theme
2	convey	participle		the principal moral not said here	by the fable	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	dive	present	the dolphin		beneath the surface; in the fable	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in which=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Flattery of the powerful always leads to ruin in the end

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flattery	flattery	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leads	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 powerful	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 powerful	det
4	powerful	powerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Flattery	nmod
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 leads	advmod
6	leads	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 ruin	mark
8	ruin	ruin	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 leads	xcomp
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 end	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 end	det
11	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ruin	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	present	Flattery of the powerful					always property	vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Result
2	ruin	to-infinitive	Flattery of the powerful not said here				in the end		vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Friends are loyal in trouble

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 loyal	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 loyal	cop
3	loyal	loyal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 trouble	case
5	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loyal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Friends			trouble		loyal property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Deceit is punished when it is detected

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 punished	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 punished	aux:pass
3	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 detected	advmod
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 detected	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 detected	aux:pass
7	detected	detect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 punished	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	punish	present · passive		Deceit					vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	detect	present · passive		Deceit					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus

Option 4

Those who pretend to be friends will be thrown off the ship

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 thrown	nsubj:pass
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 pretend	nsubj
3	pretend	pretend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Those	acl:relcl
4	to	to	PART	_	6 friends	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 friends	cop
6	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pretend	xcomp
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 thrown	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 thrown	aux:pass
9	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	off	off	ADP	_	12 ship	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 ship	det
12	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 thrown	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	pretend	present			tree rules
2	is a	to-infinitive	friends		tree rules
3	throw off	future · passive	Those	off the ship	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination ship=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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