Exam question 4 · Norse Tales, The Troll's Heart: the youth frees himself, p…

What became of the troll upon the destruction of the fish containing his heart, and of the bonds he had imposed?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: fish · What happens: become, contain, impose, destroy · To what, where: heart, fish

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1656 «Norse Tales, The Troll's Heart: the youth frees himself, pays the king's debt, and wins the troll's heart» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 became	nsubj
2	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 troll	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 troll	det
5	troll	troll	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 became	obl
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 destruction	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 destruction	det
8	destruction	destruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 became	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 fish	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fish	det
11	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 destruction	nmod
12	containing	contain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 fish	acl
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 heart	nmod:poss
14	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 containing	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 imposed	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 imposed	cc
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 bonds	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 bonds	det
19	bonds	bond	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 imposed	obl
20	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 imposed	nsubj
21	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 imposed	aux
22	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 became	conj
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 became	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	become	past			of the troll; upon the destruction of the fish	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	contain	gerund	the fish not said here	fish's heart		vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heart=Theme
3	impose	past · perfect	fish		of the bonds	vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	destroy			the fish		nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He fell dead and turned into flint, and his bonds were broken

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 fell	nsubj
2	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fell	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 turned	cc
5	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fell	conj
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 flint	case
7	flint	flint	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turned	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 broken	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 broken	cc
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 bonds	nmod:poss
11	bonds	bond	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 broken	nsubj:pass
12	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 broken	aux:pass
13	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fell	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	past	He			dead property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	turn	participle	He not said here		flint		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into flint=Trajectory
3	break	past · passive		his bonds			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	bond		his = he				nom bond «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

He fell dead and turned into flint, and all the bonds and spells he had imposed were broken at once

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 fell	nsubj
2	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fell	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 turned	cc
5	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fell	conj
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 flint	case
7	flint	flint	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turned	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 broken	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 broken	cc
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 bonds	det:predet
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bonds	det
12	bonds	bond	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 broken	nsubj:pass
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 spells	cc
14	spells	spell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 bonds	conj
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 imposed	nsubj
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 imposed	aux
17	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 spells	ccomp
18	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 broken	aux:pass
19	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fell	parataxis
20	at	at	ADP	_	21 once	case
21	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	19 broken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	past	He			dead property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	turn	participle	He not said here		flint		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into flint=Trajectory
3	spell	present					tree rules
4	impose	past · perfect	he				vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
5	break	past · passive		all bonds			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

He begged for mercy, and the youth was forgiven his debt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 begged	nsubj
2	begged	beg	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 mercy	case
4	mercy	mercy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 begged	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 forgiven	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 forgiven	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 youth	det
8	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 forgiven	nsubj:pass
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 forgiven	aux:pass
10	forgiven	forgive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 begged	conj
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 debt	nmod:poss
12	debt	debt	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 forgiven	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	beg speech: request	past	He					for mercy	vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent for mercy=Topic
2	forgive	past · passive		the youth					tree rules

Option 4

He fell dead and turned into flint, and the bonds he had imposed on the youth were broken

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 fell	nsubj
2	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fell	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 turned	cc
5	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fell	conj
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 flint	case
7	flint	flint	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turned	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 broken	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 broken	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bonds	det
11	bonds	bond	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 broken	nsubj:pass
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 imposed	nsubj
13	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 imposed	aux
14	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 bonds	acl:relcl
15	on	on	ADP	_	17 youth	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 youth	det
17	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 imposed	obl
18	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 broken	aux:pass
19	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fell	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	past	He			dead property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	turn	participle	He not said here		flint		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into flint=Trajectory
3	impose	past · perfect	he	the bonds not said here	the youth		vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bond=Theme
4	break	past · passive		the bonds			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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