Exam question 1 · Grimm's Fairy Tales, The Dragon's Grandmother: the soldier…

Which of the following best describes the action by which the Dragon's grandmother concealed the third soldier beneath the flagstone of her cellar?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: grandmother · What happens: follow, describe, conceal · To what, where: action, third soldier

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1687 «Grimm's Fairy Tales, The Dragon's Grandmother: the soldiers trick the Dragon with the answer to his riddle» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	amod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 action	det
8	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 concealed	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Dragon	det
12	Dragon	Dragon	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 grandmother	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Dragon	case
14	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 concealed	nsubj
15	concealed	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 action	acl:relcl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 soldier	det
17	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	18 soldier	amod
18	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 concealed	obj
19	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	21 flagstone	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 flagstone	det
21	flagstone	flagstone	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 concealed	obl
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 cellar	case
23	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 cellar	nmod:poss
24	cellar	cellar	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 flagstone	nmod
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the action		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent action=Theme
3	conceal	past	the Dragon's grandmother	the third soldier	by the action; beneath the flagstone of grandmother's cellar	vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent soldier=Patient by which=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

She raised the heavy stone, bade him keep still, and concealed him beneath it

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 raised	nsubj
2	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stone	det
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stone	amod
5	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 raised	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bade	punct
7	bade	bade	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stone	conj
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 keep	nsubj
9	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin	7 bade	acl:relcl
10	still	still	ADV	_	9 keep	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 concealed	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 concealed	cc
13	concealed	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 raised	conj
14	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 concealed	obj
15	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	16 it	case
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 concealed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	raise	past	She	the heavy stone and bade			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme
2	keep	present	him = he	bade not said here		still	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bade=Theme
3	conceal	past	She not said here	him = he	bade		vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent he=Patient beneath it=Location

Option 2

She lifted the stone with both hands, whispered that he must keep silent, then set it back over him in the cellar

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lifted	nsubj
2	lifted	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 stone	det
4	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lifted	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 hands	case
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	7 hands	det
7	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lifted	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 whispered	punct
9	whispered	whisper	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 lifted	conj
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 keep	mark
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 keep	nsubj
12	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 keep	aux
13	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 whispered	advcl
14	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 keep	xcomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 set	punct
16	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 set	advmod
17	set	set	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 lifted	advcl
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 set	obj
19	back	back	ADV	_	17 set	advmod
20	over	over	ADP	_	21 him	case
21	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 set	obl
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 cellar	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 cellar	det
24	cellar	cellar	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 set	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	past	She	the stone			with both hands	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme
2	whisper speech: assert	past	She not said here					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	keep	must	he				silent property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	set back	infinitive	She not said here	stone	the cellar	then	over him = he	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme over he=Destination

Option 3

She heaved the great flagstone aside, ordered him to lie still in the dark, and then sealed him in beneath it

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 heaved	nsubj
2	heaved	heave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 flagstone	det
4	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 flagstone	amod
5	flagstone	flagstone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heaved	obj
6	aside	aside	ADV	_	2 heaved	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 ordered	punct
8	ordered	order	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 heaved	parataxis
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 ordered	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 lie	mark
11	lie	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 ordered	xcomp
12	still	still	ADV	_	11 lie	advmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 dark	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 dark	det
15	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lie	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 sealed	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 sealed	cc
18	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	19 sealed	advmod
19	sealed	seal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 heaved	conj
20	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 sealed	obj
21	in	in	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	23 it	case
22	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	21 in	fixed
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 sealed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heave	past	She	the great flagstone				aside property	vn push-12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flagstone=Theme
2	order	past			him = he				vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
3	lie not said to happen	to-infinitive				the dark	still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in dark=Location
4	seal	past	She not said here	him = he		dark	then		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient

Option 4

She pushed the cellar door open and sent him down to hide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pushed	nsubj
2	pushed	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 door	det
4	cellar	cellar	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 door	compound
5	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushed	obj
6	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pushed	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sent	cc
8	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 pushed	conj
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 sent	obj
10	down	down	ADP	_	8 sent	compound:prt
11	to	to	PART	_	12 hide	mark
12	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 sent	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	push	past	She	the cellar door	open property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme
2	send down	past	She not said here	him = he		vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
3	hide	to-infinitive	She not said here			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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