Exam question 4 · pg640 Tales, The Youngest Brother and the Witch: he kills…

Identify the object by which the youth was lowered to the depths and the manner in which his brothers attempted to deceive him.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, object, brothers · What happens: identify, lower, attempt, deceive · To what, where: object, youth, depths, him

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1708 «pg640 Tales, The Youngest Brother and the Witch: he kills the witch, saves the children and wins his bride» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 object	det
3	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 lowered	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 youth	det
7	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lowered	nsubj:pass
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 lowered	aux:pass
9	lowered	lower	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 object	acl:relcl
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 depths	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 depths	det
12	depths	depth	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lowered	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 manner	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 manner	det
15	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 depths	conj
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 which	case
17	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 attempted	obl
18	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 brothers	nmod:poss
19	brothers	brother	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 attempted	nsubj
20	attempted	attempt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 depths	acl:relcl
21	to	to	PART	_	22 deceive	mark
22	deceive	deceive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 attempted	xcomp
23	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 deceive	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the object		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent object=Theme
2	lower	past · passive	the object	the youth	the depths and the manner	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to depth=Destination
3	attempt	past	his brothers		the depths and the manner	vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
4	deceive not said to happen	to-infinitive	his brothers not said here	him = he		vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A rope; they let a heavy stone fall into the hole

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rope	det
2	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 let	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 let	punct
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 let	nsubj
5	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 stone	det
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 stone	amod
8	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fall	nsubj
9	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 let	xcomp
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 hole	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 hole	det
12	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fall	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	past	a rope						tree rules
2	fall	infinitive	a heavy stone					into the hole result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hole=Result

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A rope; they let a heavy stone fall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rope	det
2	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 let	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 let	punct
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 let	nsubj
5	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 fall	det
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 fall	amod
8	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fall	compound
9	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 let	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	past	a rope	a heavy stone fall					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fall=Theme

Option 3

A chain; they dropped a sack

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 chain	det
2	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dropped	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 dropped	punct
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 dropped	nsubj
5	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 sack	det
7	sack	sack	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dropped	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	past	a chain	a sack					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme

Option 4

A rope; they pushed him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rope	det
2	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pushed	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	2 rope	punct
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 pushed	nsubj
5	pushed	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 pushed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	past	a rope	him = he					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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