Exam question 1 · Crimson Fairy Book, The Flying Ship, part 46: the Simpleto…

Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the Simpleton obtained his flying vessel?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: the, Simpleton · What happens: follow, describe, mean, obtain, fly · To what, where: flying vessel · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1722 «Crimson Fairy Book, The Flying Ship, part 46: the Simpleton gathers strange companions for his ship» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	6 describes	advmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 means	nsubj
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 describes	ccomp
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 obtained	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Simpleton	det
12	Simpleton	Simpleton	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 obtained	nsubj
13	obtained	obtain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 means	ccomp
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 vessel	nmod:poss
15	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 vessel	amod
16	vessel	vessel	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 obtained	obj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present			accurately property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	obtain	past	the Simpleton	Simpleton's flying vessel		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme
5	fly	gerund				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

By bowing thrice to the first tree and striking it with his axe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 bowing	mark
2	bowing	bow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	thrice	thrice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bowing	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 tree	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tree	det
6	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 tree	amod
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bowing	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 striking	cc
9	striking	strike	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bowing	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 striking	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 axe	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 axe	nmod:poss
13	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 striking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bow	gerund		thrice	the first tree				vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thrice=Topic to tree=Recipient
2	strike	gerund		thrice				with his axe	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with axe=Instrument

Option 2

By making a bargain with the old manikin, who gave him a ship after he fed him his bread and bowed to the tree

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 making	mark
2	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bargain	det
4	bargain	bargain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 making	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 manikin	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 manikin	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 manikin	amod
8	manikin	manikin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 making	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 gave	punct
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 gave	nsubj
11	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 manikin	acl:relcl
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 gave	iobj
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 ship	det
14	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gave	obj
15	after	after	SCONJ	_	17 fed	mark
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 fed	nsubj
17	fed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 gave	advcl
18	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 fed	obj
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 bread	nmod:poss
20	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 fed	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 bowed	cc
22	bowed	bow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 making	conj
23	to	to	ADP	_	25 tree	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 tree	det
25	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 bowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		a bargain		with the old manikin	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bargain=Product
2	give	past	the old manikin	a ship	him = he		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient ship=Theme
3	feed	past	he	his bread	him = he		vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient bread=Theme
4	bow	participle				to the tree	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to tree=Theme

Option 3

By bowing twice to the second tree and chopping it with an axe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 bowing	mark
2	bowing	bow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 bowing	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 tree	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tree	det
6	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 tree	amod
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bowing	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 chopping	cc
9	chopping	chop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bowing	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 chopping	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 axe	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 axe	det
13	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 chopping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bow	gerund						to the second tree; twice property	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to tree=Theme
2	chop	gerund		tree				with a axe	vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with axe=Instrument

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

By bowing thrice to the first tree, striking it with his axe, and then receiving the ship from the spirit that appeared at his side

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 bowing	mark
2	bowing	bow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	thrice	thrice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bowing	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 tree	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tree	det
6	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 tree	amod
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bowing	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 striking	punct
9	striking	strike	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bowing	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 striking	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 axe	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 axe	nmod:poss
13	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 striking	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 receiving	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 receiving	cc
16	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 receiving	advmod
17	receiving	receive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bowing	conj
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 ship	det
19	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 receiving	obj
20	from	from	ADP	_	22 spirit	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 spirit	det
22	spirit	spirit	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 receiving	obl
23	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 appeared	nsubj
24	appeared	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 spirit	acl:relcl
25	at	at	ADP	_	27 side	case
26	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 side	nmod:poss
27	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 appeared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bow	gerund		thrice	the first tree				vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thrice=Topic to tree=Recipient
2	strike	gerund		thrice				with his axe	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with axe=Instrument
3	receive	gerund		the ship		the spirit	then		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent ship=Theme from spirit=Source
4	appear	past	the spirit			his side			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at side=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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