Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, Big Klaus and Little Klaus, part 1…

To what extent does Little Klaus's disobedience to Big Klaus's warning directly cause the death of his horse?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Little Klaus, Big Klaus, horse · What happens: do, disobey, warn, die · To what, where: disobedience

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1728 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, Big Klaus and Little Klaus, part 1: Little Klaus loses his horse, then tricks a farmer with a squeaking sack» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	3 extent	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 extent	nsubj
3	extent	extent	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 does	obl
4	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Klaus	amod
6	Klaus	Klaus	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 disobedience	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Klaus	case
8	disobedience	disobedience	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 does	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	13 warning	case
10	Big	Big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Klaus	amod
11	Klaus	Klaus	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 warning	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Klaus	case
13	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 does	obl
14	directly	directly	ADV	_	17 death	advmod
15	cause	cause	SCONJ	_	17 death	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 death	det
17	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 does	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 horse	case
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 horse	nmod:poss
20	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 death	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 does	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	do	present		Little Klaus's disobedience	to extent; to Big Klaus's warning; cause the death of Klaus's horse	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disobedience=Eventuality
2	disobey		Little Klaus			nom disobedience «act transitive»: poss=agent
3	warn		Big Klaus			nom warning «communication transitive»: poss=agent
4	die		Klaus's horse			nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He ignores the warning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ignores	nsubj
2	ignores	ignore	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 warning	det
4	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ignores	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ignore	present	He	the warning					vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He disobeys the warning, and Big Klaus then kills the horse with an iron bar

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 disobeys	nsubj
2	disobeys	disobey	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 warning	det
4	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disobeys	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 kills	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 kills	cc
7	Big	Big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 Klaus	amod
8	Klaus	Klaus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 kills	nsubj
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 kills	advmod
10	kills	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 disobeys	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 horse	det
12	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kills	obj
13	with	with	ADP	_	16 bar	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 bar	det
15	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bar	compound
16	bar	bar	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kills	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disobey	present	He	the warning					tree rules
2	kill	present	Big Klaus	the horse			then	with a iron bar	vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent horse=Patient with bar=Instrument

Option 3

He disobeys, so the horse dies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 disobeys	nsubj
2	disobeys	disobey	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 dies	punct
4	so	so	ADV	_	7 dies	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 horse	det
6	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dies	nsubj
7	dies	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 disobeys	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disobey	present	He						tree rules
2	die	present	the horse						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 4

He mocks the warning, yet the horse survives until Big Klaus is punished by a fall

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 mocks	nsubj
2	mocks	mock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 warning	det
4	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mocks	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 survives	punct
6	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	9 survives	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 horse	det
8	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 survives	nsubj
9	survives	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 mocks	conj
10	until	until	SCONJ	_	14 punished	mark
11	Big	Big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 Klaus	amod
12	Klaus	Klaus	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 punished	nsubj:pass
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 punished	aux:pass
14	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 survives	advcl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 fall	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 fall	det
17	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 punished	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mock	present	He	the warning	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme
2	survive	present	the horse		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	punish	present · passive	a fall	Big Klaus	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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