Exam question 1 · Celtic Fairy Tales, The Irishman and the Blue Mountains, p…

Which of the following best describes the means by which the Irishman was ultimately directed to the Blue Mountains?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: the · What happens: follow, describe, mean, direct · To what, where: Irishman · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1736 «Celtic Fairy Tales, The Irishman and the Blue Mountains, part 60: the Irishman learns from an Eagle where the Princess is» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 means	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 means	nsubj
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 directed	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Irishman	det
12	Irishman	Irishman	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 directed	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 directed	aux:pass
14	ultimately	ultimately	ADV	_	15 directed	advmod
15	directed	direct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 means	ccomp
16	to	to	ADP	_	19 Mountains	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Mountains	det
18	Blue	Blue	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Mountains	compound
19	Mountains	Mountain	PROPN	Number=Plur	15 directed	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present	the not said here		of the best	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent which=Theme
3	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	direct	past · passive		the Irishman	to the Blue Mountains; ultimately property	vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: subject=Theme by which=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

By the sword, which had shown him the road and carried the message of the Princess

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 sword	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sword	det
3	sword	sword	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shown	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 sword	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 shown	nsubj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 shown	aux
7	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 shown	obj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 road	det
10	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shown	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 carried	cc
12	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 shown	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 message	det
14	message	message	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 carried	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 Princess	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Princess	det
17	Princess	princess	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 message	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · perfect		the road	him = he			by the sword	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient road=Topic
2	carry	past		the message of the Princess					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

By the whistle, which had carried him there and mapped the road through the hills

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 whistle	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 whistle	det
3	whistle	whistle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 carried	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 whistle	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 carried	nsubj:pass
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 carried	aux
7	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 carried	obj
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 carried	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 mapped	cc
11	mapped	map	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 carried	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 road	det
13	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 mapped	obj
14	through	through	ADP	_	16 hills	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 hills	det
16	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 mapped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	past · perfect · passive		him = he		there		by the whistle	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary he=Value
2	map	past		the road		the hills			tree rules

Option 3

By the Eagle, who had come from there and reported the preparations for a royal marriage, and by the old men's advice on the road

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 Eagle	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Eagle	det
3	Eagle	Eagle	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 come	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 come	punct
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 come	nsubj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 come	aux
7	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 there	case
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 come	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 reported	cc
11	reported	report	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 come	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 preparations	det
13	preparations	preparation	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 reported	obj
14	for	for	ADP	_	17 marriage	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 marriage	det
16	royal	royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 marriage	amod
17	marriage	marriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 preparations	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 advice	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 advice	cc
20	by	by	ADP	_	25 advice	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 men	det
22	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 men	amod
23	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 advice	nmod:poss
24	's	's	PART	_	23 men	case
25	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 come	obl
26	on	on	ADP	_	28 road	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 road	det
28	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 advice	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past · perfect						by the Eagle; by the old men's advice on the road	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from there=Initial_Location
2	report	past		the preparations				for a royal marriage	vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent preparation=Patient for marriage=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

By the Eagle, who had come from there and reported the preparations for a royal marriage

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 Eagle	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Eagle	det
3	Eagle	Eagle	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 reported	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 come	punct
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 come	nsubj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 come	aux
7	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 reported	parataxis
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 there	case
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 come	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 reported	cc
11	reported	report	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 preparations	det
13	preparations	preparation	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 reported	obj
14	for	for	ADP	_	17 marriage	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 marriage	det
16	royal	royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 marriage	amod
17	marriage	marriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reported	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past · perfect							vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from there=Initial_Location
2	report	past		the preparations				by the Eagle; for a royal marriage	vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent preparation=Patient for marriage=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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