Exam question 1 · Roumanian Fairy Tales, Petru and the Fairy of the Dawn, pa…

Which of the following best describes the action by which Petru secured the giant's compliance prior to the crossing of the river?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Petru, giant · What happens: follow, describe, secure, comply, cross · To what, where: action, compliance, river

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1783 «Roumanian Fairy Tales, Petru and the Fairy of the Dawn, part 34: Petru beats the giant, takes the magic water, and meets his brothers.» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 action	det
8	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 secured	obl
11	Petru	Petru	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 secured	nsubj
12	secured	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 action	acl:relcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 giant	det
14	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 compliance	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 giant	case
16	compliance	compliance	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 secured	obj
17	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	20 crossing	case
18	to	to	ADP	_	17 prior	fixed
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 crossing	det
20	crossing	crossing	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 secured	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 river	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 river	det
23	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 crossing	nmod
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the action	of the best	tree rules
3	secure	past	Petru	the giant's compliance	by the action; prior the crossing of the river	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition compliance=Theme
4	comply		the giant			nom compliance «act intransitive»: poss=agent
5	cross			the river		nom crossing «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

He bound the giant's left hand to his right foot and blindfolded him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 bound	nsubj
2	bound	bind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 giant	det
4	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hand	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 giant	case
6	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hand	amod
7	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bound	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 foot	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 foot	nmod:poss
10	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 foot	amod
11	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bound	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 blindfolded	cc
13	blindfolded	blindfold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 bound	conj
14	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 blindfolded	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bind	past	He	the giant's left hand				to giant's right foot	vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient to foot=Co-Patient
2	blindfold	past	He not said here		giant				vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Destination

Option 2

He chained the giant's left foot and gagged his mouth with a cloth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 chained	nsubj
2	chained	chain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 giant	det
4	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 foot	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 giant	case
6	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 foot	amod
7	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chained	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 gagged	cc
9	gagged	gag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 chained	conj
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 mouth	nmod:poss
11	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gagged	obj
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 cloth	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 cloth	det
14	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gagged	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chain	past	He	the giant's left foot					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient
2	gag	past	He not said here	giant's mouth				with a cloth	vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent mouth=Destination with cloth=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He trapped the giant's feet in a pit and covered his eyes with cloth

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 trapped	nsubj
2	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 giant	det
4	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 feet	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 giant	case
6	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 trapped	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 pit	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 pit	det
9	pit	pit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trapped	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 covered	cc
11	covered	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 trapped	conj
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 eyes	nmod:poss
13	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 covered	obj
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 cloth	case
15	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	participle	He	the giant's feet		a pit			vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Theme in pit=Destination
2	cover	past	He not said here	giant's eyes				with cloth	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Destination with cloth=Theme

Option 4

He bound the giant's left hand to his right foot with a strong rope and then blindfolded him with a cloth so he could not see

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 bound	nsubj
2	bound	bind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 giant	det
4	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hand	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 giant	case
6	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hand	amod
7	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bound	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 foot	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 foot	nmod:poss
10	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 foot	amod
11	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bound	obl
12	with	with	ADP	_	15 rope	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 rope	det
14	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 rope	amod
15	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bound	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 blindfolded	cc
17	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	18 blindfolded	advmod
18	blindfolded	blindfold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 bound	conj
19	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 blindfolded	obj
20	with	with	ADP	_	22 cloth	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 cloth	det
22	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 blindfolded	obl
23	so	so	SCONJ	_	27 see	mark
24	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 see	nsubj
25	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 see	aux
26	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 see	advmod
27	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 blindfolded	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	bind	past	He	the giant's left hand			to giant's right foot; with a strong rope	vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient to foot=Co-Patient
2	blindfold	past	He not said here		giant	then	with a cloth	vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Destination with cloth=Theme
3	not see	could	giant					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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