Exam question 4 · Arabian Nights, Sinbad the Sailor, part 19: a sad accident…

Which of the following best describes the means by which Sinbad is transported from the castle to the mountain top?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: the · What happens: follow, describe, mean, transport · To what, where: Sinbad, castle · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 179 «Arabian Nights, Sinbad the Sailor, part 19: a sad accident in the cave, then a lonely walk to a copper castle» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 means	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 means	nsubj
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 transported	obl
11	Sinbad	Sinbad	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 transported	nsubj:pass
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 transported	aux:pass
13	transported	transport	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 means	ccomp
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 castle	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 castle	det
16	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 transported	obl
17	to	to	ADP	_	20 top	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 top	det
19	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 top	compound
20	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 transported	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present	the not said here			of the best	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent which=Theme
3	mean	present	the				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	transport	present · passive		Sinbad	the castle	to the mountain top	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from castle=Initial_Location to top=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

he is sewn into a sheep-skin and carried aloft by a roc

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sewn	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sewn	aux:pass
3	sewn	sew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	8 skin	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 skin	det
6	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 skin	compound
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 sheep	punct
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sewn	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 carried	cc
10	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sewn	conj
11	aloft	aloft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 carried	xcomp
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 roc	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 roc	det
14	roc	roc	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sew	present · passive		he		a sheep skin			vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into skin=Product
2	carry	past						by a roc; aloft property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

he is sewn into a sheep-skin and carried aloft by a roc that drops him on a mountain top

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sewn	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sewn	aux:pass
3	sewn	sew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	8 skin	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 skin	det
6	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 skin	compound
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 sheep	punct
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sewn	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 carried	cc
10	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sewn	conj
11	aloft	aloft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 carried	xcomp
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 roc	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 roc	det
14	roc	roc	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 carried	obl
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 drops	nsubj
16	drops	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 roc	acl:relcl
17	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 drops	obj
18	on	on	ADP	_	21 top	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 top	det
20	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 top	compound
21	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sew	present · passive		he	a sheep skin		vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into skin=Product
2	carry	past			a mountain top	by a roc; aloft property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	drop	present	a roc	roc			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 3

he is sewn into a fresh sheep-skin, tied with cords, and borne away by a giant roc to the peaks

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sewn	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sewn	aux:pass
3	sewn	sew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	9 skin	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 skin	det
6	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 skin	amod
7	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 skin	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 sheep	punct
9	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sewn	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 tied	punct
11	tied	tie	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 sewn	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 cords	case
13	cords	cord	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 tied	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 borne	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 borne	cc
16	borne	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 sewn	conj
17	away	away	ADV	_	16 borne	advmod
18	by	by	ADP	_	21 roc	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 roc	det
20	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 roc	amod
21	roc	roc	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 borne	obl
22	to	to	ADP	_	24 peaks	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 peaks	det
24	peaks	peak	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 borne	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sew	present · passive	he	a fresh sheep skin		vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into skin=Product
2	tie	participle			with cords	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient with cord=Co-Patient
3	bear away	participle			by a giant roc; to the peaks; away property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

he is wrapped in a cloth and lowered down by ropes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 wrapped	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrapped	aux:pass
3	wrapped	wrap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 cloth	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 cloth	det
6	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrapped	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 lowered	cc
8	lowered	lower	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 wrapped	conj
9	down	down	ADP	_	8 lowered	compound:prt
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 ropes	case
11	ropes	rope	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lowered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wrap	present · passive		he		a cloth			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in cloth=Destination
2	lower down	participle						by ropes	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by rope=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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