Exam question 1 · Household Tales, Hans Who Feared Nothing: Hans meets the d…

Upon what grounds did Hans refuse to proceed further toward the town on the evening in question?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: grounds, Hans · What happens: do, refuse, not proceed

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1800 «Household Tales, Hans Who Feared Nothing: Hans meets the dwarfs and finds the hidden treasure» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Upon	upon	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 refuse	obl
3	grounds	grounds	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 did	nsubj
4	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl
5	Hans	han	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 refuse	nsubj
6	refuse	refuse	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 proceed	mark
8	proceed	proceed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 refuse	xcomp
9	further	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 proceed	advmod
10	toward	toward	ADP	_	12 town	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 town	det
12	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 proceed	obl
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 evening	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 evening	det
15	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 proceed	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 question	case
17	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 evening	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 refuse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	grounds			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	refuse	infinitive	Hans			vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	not proceed	to-infinitive	Hans not said here	evening	toward the town; far property	vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He reasoned that his contractual obligations to the minister had been fully discharged once the evening light had faded from the sky above the wood

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reasoned	nsubj
2	reasoned	reason	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 discharged	mark
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 obligations	nmod:poss
5	contractual	contractual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 obligations	amod
6	obligations	obligation	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 discharged	nsubj:pass
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 minister	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 minister	det
9	minister	minister	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 obligations	nmod
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 discharged	aux
11	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 discharged	aux:pass
12	fully	fully	ADV	_	13 discharged	advmod
13	discharged	discharge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 reasoned	ccomp
14	once	once	SCONJ	_	19 faded	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 light	det
16	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 light	compound
17	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 faded	nsubj
18	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 faded	aux
19	faded	fade	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 discharged	advcl
20	from	from	ADP	_	22 sky	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sky	det
22	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 faded	obl
23	above	above	ADP	_	25 wood	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 wood	det
25	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 sky	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	reason	past	He				vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	discharge	past · perfect · passive		his contractual obligations to the minister		fully property	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	fade	past · perfect	the evening light		the sky above the wood		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	obligate		his = he			to the minister	nom obligation «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl

Option 2

He believed his shift ended at nightfall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 shift	nmod:poss
4	shift	shift	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ended	nsubj
5	ended	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 believed	ccomp
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 nightfall	case
7	nightfall	nightfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ended	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	believe	past	He		vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	end	past	his shift	nightfall	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	shift		his = he		nom shift «event transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He considered his duty concluded at sunset

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 considered	nsubj
2	considered	consider	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 duty	nmod:poss
4	duty	duty	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 concluded	nsubj
5	concluded	conclude	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 considered	ccomp
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 sunset	case
7	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 concluded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consider	past	He						vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	conclude	past	his duty				sunset		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 4

He thought the minister had no right to ask him to go on, since the horse was tired and it was growing dark

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thought	nsubj
2	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 minister	det
4	minister	minister	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 had	nsubj
5	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 thought	ccomp
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 right	det
7	right	right	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 had	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 ask	mark
9	ask	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 right	acl
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 ask	obj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 go	mark
12	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 ask	xcomp
13	on	on	ADV	_	12 go	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 tired	punct
15	since	since	SCONJ	_	19 tired	mark
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 horse	det
17	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 tired	nsubj
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 tired	cop
19	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 go	advcl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 growing	cc
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 growing	nsubj
22	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 growing	aux
23	growing	grow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 thought	conj
24	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 growing	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	He				vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	have	past	the minister	no right			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Patient
3	ask speech: ask	to-infinitive	the minister not said here	no right not said here	minister		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
4	go on not said to happen	to-infinitive	no right not said here				vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	is	past	the horse			tired property	tree rules
6	grow	past · progressive	horse			dark property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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