Exam question 2 · Old Tales, Virgilius, part 65: Virgilius frees a spirit, g…

Describe the manner in which the spirit was confined and subsequently released from the hole beneath the bolt.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: describe, confine, release · To what, where: manner, spirit, hole

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1814 «Old Tales, Virgilius, part 65: Virgilius frees a spirit, gets the magic books, and faces his foes» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Describe	describe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 manner	det
3	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Describe	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 confined	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 spirit	det
7	spirit	spirit	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 confined	nsubj:pass
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 confined	aux:pass
9	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Describe	parataxis
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 released	cc
11	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	12 released	advmod
12	released	release	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 confined	conj
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 hole	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 hole	det
15	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 released	obl
16	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	18 bolt	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 bolt	det
18	bolt	bolt	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hole	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Describe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	describe	imperative	you not said here	the manner			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent manner=Theme
2	confine	past · passive		the spirit			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in which=Destination
3	release	participle			the hole beneath the bolt	subsequently property	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

He was held beneath a bolt, wriggled out slowly, and then folded himself back inside to prove his size

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 held	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 held	aux:pass
3	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	6 bolt	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bolt	det
6	bolt	bolt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 held	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 wriggled	punct
8	wriggled	wriggle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 held	conj
9	out	out	ADP	_	8 wriggled	compound:prt
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	8 wriggled	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 folded	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 folded	cc
13	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	14 folded	advmod
14	folded	fold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 held	conj
15	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	14 folded	obj
16	back	back	ADV	_	14 folded	advmod
17	inside	inside	ADV	_	14 folded	advmod
18	to	to	PART	_	19 prove	mark
19	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 folded	advcl
20	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 size	nmod:poss
21	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 prove	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	past · passive	He	a bolt			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme beneath bolt=Location
2	wriggle out	participle				slowly property	vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	fold back	past	himself = he		then	inside property	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient
4	prove	to-infinitive	his size				vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent size=Theme

Option 2

He was pinned by a bolt in the cave wall, then slipped out gradually and was shown back in to prove his size

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pinned	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 pinned	aux:pass
3	pinned	pin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 bolt	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bolt	det
6	bolt	bolt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pinned	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wall	det
9	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 wall	compound
10	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bolt	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 slipped	punct
12	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 slipped	advmod
13	slipped	slip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 pinned	parataxis
14	out	out	ADP	_	13 slipped	compound:prt
15	gradually	gradually	ADV	_	13 slipped	advmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 shown	cc
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 shown	aux:pass
18	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 slipped	conj
19	back	back	ADV	_	20 in	advmod
20	in	in	ADV	_	18 shown	advmod
21	to	to	PART	_	22 prove	mark
22	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 shown	advcl
23	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 size	nmod:poss
24	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 prove	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	pin	past · passive	a bolt in the cave wall	He			vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	slip out	past			then	gradually property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	show	past · passive					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»
4	prove	to-infinitive		his size			vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent size=Theme

Option 3

He was trapped and then freed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trapped	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 trapped	aux:pass
3	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 freed	cc
5	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 freed	advmod
6	freed	free	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 trapped	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	past · passive		He					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	free	past					then		vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He was pinned in a hole by iron, then worked himself free with much effort and difficulty over a long time

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pinned	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 pinned	aux:pass
3	pinned	pin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 hole	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hole	det
6	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pinned	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 iron	case
8	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hole	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 worked	punct
10	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 worked	advmod
11	worked	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 pinned	conj
12	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	11 worked	obj
13	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 worked	xcomp
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 effort	case
15	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 effort	amod
16	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 worked	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 difficulty	cc
18	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 effort	conj
19	over	over	ADP	_	22 time	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 time	det
21	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 time	amod
22	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 worked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pin	past · passive		He		a hole by iron			vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	work	past		himself = he			then; time	with much effort and difficulty; free property	vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent himself=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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