Exam question 4 · Old Tales, Virgilius, part 65: Virgilius frees a spirit, g…

Explain the reason why the Romans were able to rekindle their hearths after the morning of the extinguished fires.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, Romans · What happens: explain, be, rekindle · To what, where: reason, hearths

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1814 «Old Tales, Virgilius, part 65: Virgilius frees a spirit, gets the magic books, and faces his foes» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obj
4	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 able	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Romans	det
6	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 able	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 able	cop
8	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Explain	advcl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 rekindle	mark
10	rekindle	rekindle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 able	xcomp
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 hearths	nmod:poss
12	hearths	hearth	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 rekindle	obj
13	after	after	ADP	_	15 morning	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 morning	det
15	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rekindle	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	19 fires	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 fires	det
18	extinguished	extinguished	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 fires	amod
19	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 morning	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	the reason			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	is	past	the Romans			able property	tree rules
3	rekindle	to-infinitive	the Romans not said here	Romans's hearths	morning		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hearth=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They kept the old embers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 kept	nsubj
2	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 embers	det
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 embers	amod
5	embers	ember	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 kept	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	past	They	the old embers					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ember=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They took fire from the maiden clad in her white smock, as Virgilius had ordered

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 maiden	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 maiden	det
6	maiden	maiden	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 clad	obl
7	clad	clad	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 took	conj
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 smock	case
9	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 smock	nmod:poss
10	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 smock	amod
11	smock	smock	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 clad	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 ordered	punct
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	16 ordered	mark
14	Virgilius	Virgilius	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 ordered	nsubj
15	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 ordered	aux
16	ordered	order	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 clad	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	take	past	They	fire			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme
2	clad	past	They not said here		the maiden	in her white smock	tree rules
3	order	past · perfect	Virgilius				vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

They took sparks from the emperor's own torches which had been kept lit in the palace

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sparks	spark	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 took	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	9 torches	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 emperor	det
6	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 torches	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 emperor	case
8	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 torches	amod
9	torches	torch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 took	obl
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 kept	obj
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 kept	aux
12	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 kept	aux:pass
13	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 torches	acl:relcl
14	lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 kept	xcomp
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 palace	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 palace	det
17	palace	palace	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	take	past	They	sparks	the emperor's own torches	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent spark=Theme from torch=Initial_Location
2	keep	past · perfect · passive		the emperor's own torches		tree rules
3	lit	participle	the emperor's own torches not said here		the palace	tree rules

Option 4

They lit new fires from a lamp kept burning in Virgilius's tower all night long

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lit	nsubj
2	lit	light	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 fires	amod
4	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lit	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 lamp	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 lamp	det
7	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lit	obl
8	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 lamp	acl
9	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 kept	xcomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 tower	case
11	Virgilius	Virgilius	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 tower	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Virgilius	case
13	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 burning	obl
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 night	det
15	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 burning	obl:unmarked
16	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 lit	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	light	past	They	new fires	a lamp		long property	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Product from lamp=Material
2	keep	participle		a lamp not said here				tree rules
3	burn	gerund	a lamp not said here		Virgilius's tower	night		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tower=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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