Exam question 4 · Tales of the Punjab, Raja Rasalu, part 25: a mocking princ…

Which of the following most accurately describes the reason the youngest maiden alone escapes injury?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: youngest maiden · What happens: follow, describe, escape · To what, where: reason, injury

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1841 «Tales of the Punjab, Raja Rasalu, part 25: a mocking prince, a talking corpse, a clever cricket» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 describes	advmod
7	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 reason	det
9	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 describes	obj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 maiden	det
11	youngest	young	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 maiden	amod
12	maiden	maiden	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 escapes	nsubj
13	alone	alone	ADV	_	12 maiden	advmod
14	escapes	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 reason	acl
15	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 escapes	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the reason	accurately property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
3	escape	present	the youngest maiden	injury		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme injury=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

She falls last, upon the others, and so receives no harm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 falls	nsubj
2	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	last	last	ADV	_	2 falls	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 others	punct
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 others	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 others	det
7	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 falls	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 receives	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 receives	cc
10	so	so	ADV	_	11 receives	advmod
11	receives	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 falls	advcl
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 harm	det
13	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 receives	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	She			the others		last property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon other=Location
2	receive	present	She not said here	no harm					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Theme

Option 2

She falls last, upon the others, cushioned by their bodies, and so receives no harm at all

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 falls	nsubj
2	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	last	last	ADV	_	2 falls	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 others	punct
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 others	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 others	det
7	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 falls	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 cushioned	punct
9	cushioned	cushion	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 others	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 bodies	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 bodies	nmod:poss
12	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 cushioned	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 receives	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 receives	cc
15	so	so	ADV	_	16 receives	advmod
16	receives	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 falls	advcl
17	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	18 harm	det
18	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 receives	obj
19	at	at	ADP	_	20 all	case
20	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 receives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	present	She		the others	last property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon other=Location
2	cushion	participle		the others not said here		by others's bodies	tree rules
3	receive	present	She not said here	no harm	all		vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent harm=Theme at all=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

She grabs the rope and climbs to safety

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grabs	nsubj
2	grabs	grab	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rope	det
4	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grabs	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 climbs	cc
6	climbs	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grabs	conj
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 safety	case
8	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 climbs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grab	present	She	the rope					vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Theme
2	climb	present	She not said here			safety			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to safety=Destination

Option 4

The corpse lifts her up in its arms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 corpse	det
2	corpse	corpse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lifts	nsubj
3	lifts	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lifts	obj
5	up	up	ADP	_	3 lifts	compound:prt
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 arms	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 arms	nmod:poss
8	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lifts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift up	present	the corpse	her = she		corpse's arms			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme in arm=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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